This study examines the process of children coming to understand rules of early childhood classroom, through exploring, examining, and practicing them. With this purpose in mind, an action research was conducted for 10 months with 19 children of Baekd...
This study examines the process of children coming to understand rules of early childhood classroom, through exploring, examining, and practicing them. With this purpose in mind, an action research was conducted for 10 months with 19 children of Baekdu class at a child care center in Ansan city. In the following section, the five steps and findings of the whole research process were summarized and discussed.
The first phase of the research examined the children’s thoughts about rules in order to identify the issues related to rules in the classroom. It was found that children regarded rules as a set of specific behaviors, as something that were pre-defined and offered to follow by someone else other than themselves. Based on this finding, the teacher-researcher felt that children needed to break away from this way of thinking about rules, and planned the experience of children making up their own classroom rules as the next step.
The actions executed in the second phase were making up new rules, deciding on which rules to adopt, classifying them and finally sharing them among classmates. Through this process, it was found that rules were usually expressed in words as “not doing something” and used to pinpoint deviant behaviors. This way of talking about rules brought the air of evaluating each other and worked as the cause of conflict. At this point, the teacher-researcher felt it was necessary to get rid of the negative image of rules, as expressed in the form of ‘not doing something’.
In the third phase of this research, the children went through the process of transforming the expression of rules from ‘not doing something’ to ‘doing something.’ During this step, it was found that many rules were redundant in their meanings. The children began to realize that some rules contained other rules related to specific situations. This effort of turning ‘not doing’ into ‘doing’ led the children to think about what kind of behaviors were expected, thus desirable in each situation. This experience naturally made the children focus on desirable behaviors of ‘mine’, instead of undesirable behaviors of ‘yours’.
As the fourth action, the classroom invented the routine of ‘Let’s give a praise to someone for keeping the rules’ by nominating classmates during the class meeting and also by writing letters to those. Soon the teacher-researcher realized that this routine, which was based on the concept of reinforcement and compensation, made children other-controlled, rather than self-controlled. Based on this experience, the teacher-researcher felt the need to discuss the necessity of keeping the rules in the classroom, in order for the children to become autonomous rule keeper. This realization led the teacher to discuss this whole issue in relation to the communal life in the classroom, not the individuals.
The fifth phase aimed at deciding on the rules that the classroom as a whole could understand through communicating among themselves. The class had the opportunity of expressing the uneasiness and difficulty of following the rules that had the absolute power over them. And the class revised the classroom rules, based on the previous discussion. It became evident that the act of revising rules should be accompanied by the mutual understanding and communication. Through the process of re-making the set of rules by abandoning some and changing others, the children became comfortable with rules and aware of the necessity of respecting others for the wellbeing and happiness of ‘our’ community.
Undergoing through the phases of action research, the children at Baekdu class could take the first step toward becoming the agents, through communication, of making up, revising, and abiding by the rules which had been considered absolute, burdensome, and other-controlled. We can find the value of this research in that all the children became the real agents of the classroom through the experience of making and revising rules. And this study also reminds us that we educators should pay special attention to and make the best effort to collaborate with children as partners of the classroom community to make the rules find their own place in the classroom.