진보성 관련 주요 쟁점에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Inventive step of an invention is being determined taking following steps: determination of the invention at issue, determination of the closest prior art, determination of the differences between the invention and the prior art, determination of the level of PHOSITA, determination of whether the PHOSITA, at the filing (priority) date, would have easily deducted the invention from the prior art. This thesis studied relevant issues in each said step.
In Chapter 3, jurisprudence of claim construction was analyzed (part 1), conflicts of specification reference doctrine and improper introduction of specification limitation was case-studied (part 2), and finally status of preamble of a claim was analyzed (part 3).
In Chapter 4, definition of prior art was reformulated and prior art exception systems were suggested (part 1), the issue whether the earlier technology written in specification could be referred as prior art was studied (part 2), the methodology to decide whether a prior art is analogous or relevant to the technology field of the invention at issue was proclaimed (part 3), the ways to decide the time of public accessibility of a printed publication was compared between the U.S.A. and Korea (part 4) and two real cases of claim charts were given as examples of determining differences of prior art and invention at issue (part 5).
In Chapter 5, the technological level of the PHOSITA was examined and it was claimed that the levels of the PHOSITA in determining inventive step and specification enablement must be the same (part 1) and it was proved that the technological level of the PHOSITA must be the same among different Offices (part 2).
In Chapter 6, some issues regarding "easy deduction" were analyzed: current practices of the Korean Supreme Court in considering "purpose", "structure" and "effect" (part 1); the relationship between purpose of an invention and inventive step determination (part 2); the necessity to consider "structure" in determining inventive step of a selection invention (part 3); the relationship between effect of an invention and inventive step (part 4); the relationship between effect and commercial success (part 5); methods to reduce hindsight bias in determining "easy deduction" (part 6); and case study on hindsight and teaching away (part 7).
In Chapter 7, relationship between inventive step and some other patent law issues were perused: the relationship between identicality test and inventive step (part 1); similarity between inventive step and subject matter eligibility determination of a product of nature (part 2); dilemma of inevitable deficiency of either specification enablement or inventive step (part 3); inventive step determination of a derived (and altered) invention.
Additionally, in Chapter 1, this thesis summarized inventive-step relevant statistics, through which found were: (1) inventive step determination is a real essence of patent practices, (2) in Korea, patented inventions are too easily invalidated. Further additionally in Chapter 2, this thesis summarized basic inventive-step jurisprudence of IP5 Offices, USPTO, EPO, SIPO, JPO and KIPO.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 도입 1
• 제1절 연구의 개요 1
• 제2절 진보성 관련 통계 4
• 제2장 진보성 판단 관련 주요국의 기본 법리 21
• 제1절 우리나라 신규성, 진보성 규정의 개정 연혁 21
• 제2절 우리나라 및 일본의 진보성 법리 개요 32
• 제3절 미국의 진보성 법리 54
• 제4절 유럽특허청의 진보성 판단 법리 67
• 제5절 중국의 진보성 법리 78
• 제3장 청구항 해석 89
• 제1절 청구항 용어해석 법리 89
• 제2절 청구항 용어해석: 명세서의 적절한 참작 v. 청구항의 부당한 한정 107
• 제3절 청구항 전제부의 해석 122
• 제4장 선행기술 특정 146
• 제1절 선행기술(prior art)의 정의 및 예외제도 146
• 제2절 명세서 중 기재된 종래기술의 선행기술 여부 154
• 제3절 진보성 판단을 위한 유사분야 선행기술 178
• 제4절 간행물의 반포시기 199
• 제5절 선행기술과 발명의 차이 특정: 청구항 차트(claim chart) 215
• 제5장 통상의 기술자 226
• 제1절 통상의 기술자의 수준 226
• 제2절 통상의 기술자의 국적(nationality) 246
• 제6장 용이도출 판단 251
• 제1절 최근 대법원의 진보성 판단 경향: 목적, 구성, 효과의 검토 251
• 제2절 발명의 목적과 진보성 판단 260
• 제3절 선택발명의 진보성: 발명의 ‘구성’ 판단 필요 274
• 제4절 발명의 효과와 진보성 판단 292
• 제5절 효과와 상업적 성공의 관계 307
• 제6절 용이도출 판단에 있어서 사후고찰(hindsight) 감소 방안 324
• 제7절 특허성 판단 관련 사후고찰 및 역교시 사례연구 352
• 제7장 진보성과 특허법 다른 법리와의 관계 392
• 제1절 진보성과 동일성의 관계 및 동일성 기준의 통일화 392
• 제2절 (천연물)의 성립성과 진보성 417
• 제3절 용이실시(enablement)와 진보성 주장의 딜레마 426
• 제4절 모인기술을 변경한 발명의 진보성 및 공동발명 판단 440
• 제8장 결론 462
• [참고문헌] 470
• ABSTRACT 481