To cope with new social crisis including low birth rate, aging phenomenon and polarization of income distribution, Korea has introduced universal social service for families and communities contrary to conventional welfare focused on vulnerable social...
To cope with new social crisis including low birth rate, aging phenomenon and polarization of income distribution, Korea has introduced universal social service for families and communities contrary to conventional welfare focused on vulnerable social group.
Social service project which has started from 2007 targeting for universal welfare has accumulated various results, so it carries out performance evaluation to improve service quality and inspect whether it uses government budget effectively or not.
Existing social service performance evaluation is mainly focused on service user's satisfaction level or service quality evaluation because most of social services offer vouchers to service users and the users have to pay some portion of the service expense. Therefore, service user's evaluation has a significant meaning.
However, the evaluation method mainly focused on service users cannot assess the overall project. Therefore, as the importance of social service and the expansion of social demand are growing, to settle down stable social service, this paper suggested performance evaluation model which can evaluate overall aspects of social service project.
Based on this awareness of problem, this study designated performance evaluation subjects as organizations offering social services, service offering man power and users, and then it selected efficiency, effectiveness and the quality of service as the performance evaluation criteria. With these ideas, this paper suggested social services' integrated performance evaluation model.
Among the field of social services, this study selected local development type local social service investment project which local governments play a leading role in carrying out the project.
The study also carried out interview research because the project can be varied depending on each region's service supply method even though the service content is same. With these evaluation method and interview research, this study wanted to suggest detailed development plans of local development type local social service investment project.
The evaluation of efficiency was analyzed with DEA, CCR model, BCC model and effectiveness evaluation was analyzed with SPSS 18.0.
For the analysis of evaluation of service quality, this study used SERVQUAL index which is the representative model of service quality evaluation.
To examine each subject's integrated evaluation result, this study suggested the performance relations between organizations offering social services (efficiency) - service offering man power (effectiveness), and organizations offering social services (efficiency) - users (effectiveness) as integrated matrix using IPA analysis. Based on these performance relations, this study analyzed integrated result of organizations offering social services (efficiency) - supplied man power (effectiveness) - users (effectiveness) of Jeju's local development type social service investment project.
Lastly, to figure out the regional characteristics of social services, this study carried out a research on what the difficult point of carrying out social service project for organizations offering social services and service offering man power, and whether the service is offered with user-friendly way in content and time for service users.
Looking into the result of efficiency of organizations offering social services, in CCR model, three profitable organizations and three non-profitable organizations' efficiency showed value 1. It means that 30% of all 20 organizations are relatively efficient. However, in BCC model, three profitable organizations and eight non-profitable organizations showed value 1, making 55.5% of all 20 organizations evaluated as efficient.
In other words, five non-profitable organizations evaluated as inefficient in CCR model are categorized as efficient organizations in BCC model. Through this result, inefficiency of added non-profitable organizations is not caused by technical factor, but a factor of scale.
According to service offering man power's performance evaluation result, all items showed an average of 3 points, professionalism (3.79), responsiveness (3. 78), job satisfaction (3.28). Overall effectiveness index showed 3.62 point, which is a little bit higher than average ,and overall, it is evaluated lower than users' effectiveness.
The result of service users' effectiveness showed that service reuse intension (4.20) is relatively higher than positive change after using service (4.17) and user satisfaction (4.07). Overall effectiveness index is 4.15 and it is evaluated as slightly satisfied.
The result of service users' quality evaluation is that overall quality of service is evaluated relatively high. Expected quality before using service(E) is 3.38, real quality after using service(P) is 4.03 and the difference between those two (P-E) is 0.65.
Also, six quality indexes'(tangibility, reliability, empathy, responsiveness, assurance, social quality) real quality after using service showed high than expected quality before using service. The quality that has the largest difference between expected level and real level is appreciation(0.77).
The result of integrated performance evaluation showed that there are two profitable organizations and two non-profitable organizations which got higher results of organizations offering social services (efficiency) - service offering man power (effectiveness), and organizations offering social services (efficiency) - users (effectiveness) in both CCR model and BCC model.
There is only one profitable organization and three non-profitable organizations which got lower results in CCR model, and there is one non-profitable organization in BCC model.
Especially, the non-profitable organization which showed the lowest result in both models had been participated the social service project since 2007, but, as organizations offering same social service are increasing, the organization is not offering any service in 2013 due to management difficulty. Therefore, the result underpins the credibility of field evaluation.
As a result of interview research, organizations offering social services' inconveniences in the process of project are uncertainty of carrying out project according to local government's budget assignment, local government's lack of interest, lack of specialty of the office in charge and lack of awareness by the Ministry of Health and Welfare regardless of the type of organization.
Especially, non-profitable organizations pointed out that they have difficulty in collecting partial payment from users, securing users and service offering man powers. Meanwhile profitable organizations mentioned that they have difficulty in inefficiency of management due to the extremely user-centered project and lack of cooperation with related organizations.
Service offering man powers pointed out that poor wage level compared to their specialty and work load as their most inconvenient factor in the process of the project. Users' unreasonable demand, undervalue of service due to low coat of service, lack of communication with service offering organization, lack of service related education, miss-matching of service content and service period (or hours) and need of parent education in case of child service are the other factors they mentioned.
Service users pointed out that program content and available using hours are set depending on the organizations offering services' convenience. Also they mentioned that lack of specialty of organizations offering services and service offering man powers, lack of convenient facility and lack of promotion on the service are the factors which should be fixed. However, users satisfied with the high quality service at a low cost.
Based on the field evaluation result and interview research result, this study suggested long-term development plan at a local level and short-term development plan at organizations offering services level of local social service's investment project's development direction.
The meanings of this study are : first, it can offer new view for researchers of this field because there is lack of advanced researches on integrated performance analysis in the field of existing public service and human service.
Second, analysis model of this study can be used various public service sectors including lifelong education service, community center programs because it includes three parties which are organizations offering social services, service offering man powers and users. Especially as the role of service offering man power is increasing in social service sector, this study highlighted the fact that performance evaluation should be separately carried out as two aspects of organizations offering social services and service offering man powers.
Third, this study carried out both field analysis and interview research. Therefore it suggested specific and realized development plan reflecting regional characteristics which cannot be analyzed with only field evaluation.