산림경험이 저소득층 초등학생의 분노와 공격성에 미치는 효과 = The Influence of a Forest Experience Program on Elementary Student's Anger and Aggression from Low Income Families

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study tried to find out how various forest-experience can influence Anger and Aggression considered as major factors in school-violence. Children from low-income families were subject to this study.
For this study 60 elementary school students were chosen. They were form 3rd and 6th grade from 7 After School Child care Centers located in Chungju City.(experiment group were 29 and controlled group were 31) 12 sessions for the forest-experience program were prepared and every session was 2 hour-course. Each session was performed once a week from May to August in 2012.
In the forest near the After School Child care Centers, the forest experience program was done for the experiment group. On the contrary the controlled group participated in the existing programs.
Before and after, 2 weeks and 4 weeks later the program, a total of 4 surveys were made to compare the influence of the forest-experience on Anger and Aggression in both the experiment and the controlled group.
We compared the variations in the anger and aggression levels in students, pre-program and post-program. NAS(Novaco Anger Scale), BDHI(Buss-Durke Hostility Inventory) were used as an index in this study.

The results are as follows ;

First: the result with 4 surveys showed that Forest experience has influence on anger and aggression of children from the low income families. The result of the analysis revealed that the study participants showed greater reductions in anger and aggression levels compared to those in the control group. Decreasing effect on anger lasted until 2 weeks after the program. Changes in Anger's 3 subordinating areas (actions, recognition and awakening) were also made. Effects on recognition and awakening lasted until 4 weeks later the program. Decreasing effect on aggression lasted until 2 weeks and its subordinating areas were also influenced partially.
Second: The results on gender showed that Forest experience influenced to decrease Anger and aggression in both girls and boys. But girls' decreasing gap was higher than boys'
Third: The results on grade showed that the 4th grade students' decreasing effect on Anger and Aggression was the biggest.
The 5th, 3rd and 6th followed respectively.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 5
• 3. 가설의 설정 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 7
• 1. 분노와 공격성 7
• (1) 분노 7
• (2) 공격성 10
• (3) 분노와 공격성의 관계 12
• 2. 저소득층 아동 15
• (1) 저소득층의 개념 15
• (2) 저소득층 아동의 특성 16
• 3. 산림의 치유효과 18
• (1) 산림치유의 개념 18
• (2) 유아 및 초·중등학생을 대상으로 한 산림의 치유효과 연구동향 19
• (3) 분노와 공격성에 관한 산림의 치유효과 연구동향 25
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 27
• 1. 연구 대상 27
• 2. 연구 설계 27
• 3. 연구 절차 28
• 4. 숲 프로그램 적용 30
• 5. 측정 도구 31
• (1) 분노 척도 31
• (2) 공격성 척도 32
• 6. 자료 분석 33
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 고찰 34
• 1. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성 34
• 2. 연구 대상자의 동질성 검증 35
• (1) 실험집단, 통제집단의 분노 사전 검사 비교 36
• (2) 실험집단, 통제집단의 공격성 사전 검사 비교 36
• 3. 연구의 가설검증 37
• (1) 가설 1, 산림경험이 분노에 미치는 효과 검증 37
• (2) 분노의 하위요인 검증 39
• (3) 가설 2, 산림경험이 공격성에 미치는 효과 검증 40
• (4) 공격성의 하위요인 검증 42
• 4. 실험집단의 성별, 학년별 분노와 공격성 비교 44
• (1) 실험집단의 성별 분노와 공격성 비교 44
• (2) 실험집단의 학년별 분노와 공격성 비교 46
• 5. 고찰 47
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 49
• 1. 결론 49
• 2. 제언 51
• 3. 연구의 제한점 52
• Ⅵ. 참고문헌 53
• ▣ 부록 61