아로마 등마사지가 중년여성의 스트레스 및 통증완화에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Aroma Back Massage on the Relief of Middle-aged Women’s Stress and Pain

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대인의 평균수명은 첨단의학 및 기술문명의 발달로 인한 생활수준의 향상으로 증가하고 있으며 이는 중년이후의 삶의 장기화를 가져왔고 중년층 인구수의 증가를 가져왔다고 볼 수 있다.
가정과 사회에서 중추적인 역할을 수행하는 중년여성들은 신체적으로 노화에 따른 생체기능의 감퇴로 면역기능의 저하, 호르몬의 변화로 인한 폐경 등의 문제와 청소년기 자녀들과의 갈등, 자녀 독립에 따른 역할변화, 결혼의 불만족, 고부 갈등 등
으로 인한 상실감, 고립감, 우울감 등의 심리적 문제를 경험하게 된다. 또한 과거에 비해 여성의 경제 활동의 참여가 활발해지면서 사회 구성원으로서의 역할과 동시에 가정 내에서의 역할도 여전히 중시되고 있어 주부역할에 부응하지 못하는 데에서
오는 심리적 죄책감과 역할 갈등, 힘든 가사노동 등 다양한 스트레스에 노출되어 위기에 직면하고 있는 실정이다. 뿐만 아니라 오래 지속되는 스트레스는 인체의 항상성 조절 체계에 손상을 주어 심혈관계나 소화기계, 근골격계 및 면역체계의 건강
문제를 발생시킨다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 아로마 등마사지가 신체적, 정신적, 심리적으로 스트레스가 높은 중년여성의 스트레스 및 통증완화에 미치는 영향을 규명하여 장기화 된 중년여성의 질병예방 및 완화의 건강증진 중재요법으로 활용할 수 있도록 제시한다. 더불어 중년기 삶의 질 향상에 도움이 되고 나아가 이에 대한 학문적 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다.
연구대상자는 경남 창원시 마산에 거주하는 40~50대 중년여성 30명을 대상으로 아로마 마사지군, 캐리어 마사지군, 무처치군으로 각 10명씩 나누어 무작위로 배정하였다.
연구 기간은 2013년 3월 4일부터 4월 13일 까지 주 3회 2주간 총 6회로 실시하였다.
아로마 마사지군은 jojoba oil 20ml에 Orange, Lavender, Ylangylang을 3%로 희석하여 등마사지를 30분간 시행하였고, 캐리어 마사지군은 jojoba oil 20ml를 이용하여 등마사지를 30분간 시행하였다. 무처치군은 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군과 동일한 환경으로 30분간 베드에서 휴식을 하도록 하였다.
세 군의 자료수집은 실험 전·후 신체적·심리적 스트레스, 통증정도 측정표, 등 관리 후 만족도 설문지와 한국과학기술연구원 벤처기관 (주)바이오센스 크리에티브에서 제작한 유비오 맥파 측정기로 누적스트레스를 매회 실험 전·후 측정하였다.
자료분석은 SPSS 15.0 프로그램을 이용하여 연구문제에 따라 빈도분석, ANCOVA, T-test 분석을 실시하였다.
연구결과 신체적 스트레스는 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군(p<0.05), 아로마 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.05)간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 캐리어 마사지군과 무처치군 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다
(p>0.05). 심리적 스트레스는 아로마 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.01), 캐리어 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.05)간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05).
통증정도 변화에서는 구술비율척도 통증의 경우 목은 아로마 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.05), 캐리어 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.01)간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 어깨는 아로마 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.001), 캐리어 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.001)간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 허리는 아로마 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.01), 캐리어 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.001)간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 시각적상사척도 통증의 경우 목, 어깨, 허리에서는 아로마 마사지군과 무처치군(P>0.001), 캐리어 마사지군과 무처치군 (P>0.001)간에 통계적 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군 간에는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.
누적스트레스는 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지(p<0.05), 아로마 마사지군과 무처치군(p<0.01)간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 캐리어 마사지군과 무처치군 간에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 만족도에 대한 결과 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았지만 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군의 전체적인 만족도는 높았다. 또한 세부 항목별 만족도 차이에서 아로마 마사지군이 ‘신체적 변화에 대한 만족’에 유의미한 결과가 나타났다(P<0.05).
결론적으로 아로마 등마사지가 중년여성의 신체적·심리적 스트레스 및 누적스트레스 감소에 영향을 주었다. 목, 어깨, 허리의 통증도 아로마 마사지군과 캐리어 마사지군이 무처치군에 비해 통증완화 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 아로마의 유효 성분과 등마사지의 물리적인 처치 효과가 심신의 안정과 긴장된 근육의 이완으로 혈액순환을 촉진시켜 통증완화에 도움을 주었고 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ························································································ 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ············································································ 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 ··············································································· 4
• 3. 연구의 가설 ··············································································· 4
• 4. 용어 정의 ·················································································· 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ················································································· 8
• 1. 스트레스····················································································· 8
• 1) 스트레스의 개념 ······································································· 8
• 2) 스트레스의 원인········································································ 9
• 3) 스트레스의 생리적 반응 ···························································· 9
• 4) 스트레스와 자율신경계 ····························································· 10
• 5) 중년여성의 스트레스 ································································ 11
• 2. 아로마테라피············································································· 12
• 1) 아로마테라피의 정의 ······························································· 12
• 2) 아로마 오일 ··········································································· 13
• 3) 아로마 오일의 작용원리 및 적용방법 ········································· 14
• 4) 캐리어 오일 ··········································································· 16
• 3. 스웨디시 마사지 ······································································· 17
• 1) 등마사지················································································· 18
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ··················································································· 19
• 1. 연구대상 및 기간 ····································································· 19
• 2. 연구설계 ················································································· 19
• 3. 연구도구 ················································································· 21
• 1) 연구재료 ··············································································· 21
• (1) 아로마 오일 선정·································································· 21
• (2) 아로마 오일의 처방 ······························································ 21
• 2) 측정도구 ··············································································· 22
• (1) 설문지를 이용한 조사 ··························································· 22
• (2) 유비오 맥파 측정기······························································· 24
• 4. 등마사지 방법 ·········································································· 29
• 5. 자료처리 및 분석방법 ······························································· 31
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 ··················································································· 32
• 1. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성 ························································ 32
• 2. 집단별 신체적·심리적 스트레스 차이분석 ····································· 35
• 3. 집단별 통증정도 차이분석 ·························································· 39
• 4. 집단별 누적스트레스지수 차이분석 ·············································· 47
• 5. 집단별 만족도 차이분석 ····························································· 49
• Ⅴ. 논 의 ······················································································ 52
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언··············································································· 58
• 참고문헌 ························································································ 61
• Abstract ························································································ 65
• 부록 ······························································································ 68
• 감사의 글 ······················································································· 76