The purpose of this study was to examine the Influence of LMX (Leader-Member Exchange) and TMX (Team-Member Exchange) upon organizational effectiveness with works of business associations as study subjects. A business association is an organization of...
The purpose of this study was to examine the Influence of LMX (Leader-Member Exchange) and TMX (Team-Member Exchange) upon organizational effectiveness with works of business associations as study subjects. A business association is an organization of which members are business entities of same category and which protects and promotes their common rights and interests, and has a stratified and systematized structure which plays an important role of communicating between governmental agencies and business entities and carrying out government policies. From this point of view, this study analyzed preceding studies on LMX, TMX, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior, thus composing test tools according to the characteristics of variables. As for LMX, a test tool of 12 items that consisting of such 4 dimensions as emotional attachment (3 items), loyalty (3 items), contribution (3 items) and expertise respect (3 items), developed by Liden & Maslyn (1998), was used. As for TMX, a test tool of 9 items, developed by Seers (1989, 1995) and quoted by Park Jun-cheol (2010), was used. As for job satisfaction, a test tool of 4 items, developed by Bettencourt & Brown (1983), was used. As for organizational commitment, a test tool of 12 items, developed by Allen & Meyer (1990) and quoted by Ryu Gyeong-mi (2012), was used by eliminating 1 item via factor analysis. Finally, as for organizational citizenship behavior, a test tool of 15 items, developed by Niehoff & Moorman (1993), was used by eliminating 5 items via factor analysis. Based on test tools composed, an empirical study was carried out with workers of business associations as study subjects. And to achieve study goals, study questions were established as follows:
First, ‘What influence LMX has upon organizational effectiveness (job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior)?’ Second, ‘What influence TMX has upon organizational effectiveness (job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior)?’
In order to get answer to these questions, a questionnaire survey of 252 workers in 40 business associations which representing their industries (machinery, shipbuilding, steel, electronics, textile, software, information & communication, and medical device) respectively was carried out over the period from April 15 to May 10, 2013. Total 400 questionnaires were distributed via online and visitation. Among them, 252 responses were collected and the data of 230 respondents were used in study analysis, except insincere responses. Analysis was carried out using SPSS 18.0 program and such analytic techniques as factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used.
Via this course of examination and analysis, following empirical findings were obtained: First, the LMX quality of workers of business associations had a significant correlation coefficient for such sub-variables of organizational effectiveness as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior on the whole and there was a positive (+) correlation between them. Second, the TMX quality of workers of business associations had a significant correlation coefficient for such sub-variables of organizational effectiveness as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior on the whole and there was a positive (+) correlation between them. In other words, the quality of LMX and TMX was higher, organizational effectiveness was higher as well. And the quality of TMX had more significant relations with organizational effectiveness than the quality of LMX did.
This study seemed to be different from other studies in that it examined not only the influence of such independent variables as LMX and TMX upon such dependent variables as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior, but also the severity of influence, with workers of business associations. In addition, most of preceding studies mainly analyzed LMX, but this study examined the direct influence of TMX upon organizational effectiveness, together with its comparative advantage to LMX.
Based on study findings and discussions, it is necessary for business associations to establish and operate educational systems, in order to improve exchange relations with members, and develop educational programs with which one can carry out knowledge sharing activities and get together with superiors.
Study limitations are as follows and the author hopes follow-up studies will be carried out in a variety of ways, thus overcoming the limitations:
First, if comparative analysis is carried out in accordance with the scale and establishment base of business associations, the possibility of generalization of study findings will be heightened. Second, since this study’s test variables of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior have psychological fluctuation, more useful study findings will be obtained from longitudinal study. Third, since most of study subjects carried out office jobs only, expansion of study findings to other areas is somewhat problematic. Fourth, since the position of most of study subjects were naturally rank-and-file workers or acting section chiefs, it is necessary to research and analyze middle managers or above.