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    제도적 번역으로서의 외신편역에 대한 비판적 연구 : 정부와 언론사간 권력관계와 이데올로기를 중심으로

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13251924

    • 저자
    • 발행사항

      서울 : 韓國外國語大學校 通飜譯大學院, 2013

    • 학위논문사항
    • 발행연도

      2013

    • 작성언어

      한국어

    • 주제어
    • DDC

      418.02 판사항(22)

    • 발행국(도시)

      서울

    • 기타서명

      (A) Critical study of English-Korean news transediting as institutional translation with reference to ideology and power relations

    • 형태사항

      ix,234 p. : 삽도 ; 26 cm.

    • 일반주기명

      한국외국어대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
      지도교수: 정철자
      참고문헌 : p.194-213

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    News transediting, which involves both news translation and editing, is arguably the most common type of English-Korean news translation and yet remains one of the least studied fields of translation in South Korea. This thesis explores the nature of English-Korean news transediting with a particular focus on precisely how ideology and power relations influence the products and processes of the transediting of foreign news articles. Drawing upon the complementary frameworks of descriptive-explanatory translation studies (DETS) and critical discourse analysis (CDA), it proposes a model for the critical analysis of news transediting consisting of three dimensions of news discourse: text, institutional factors, and socio-political factors.
    One of the key features of English-Korean news transediting is that it is performed not by professional translators, but by in-house journalists subject to a variety of institutional constraints. It is assumed that the most important among these constraints is an ideological one derived from the ownership structure of a news organization, and that the ideology of a news organization, particularly its power relations with the local government, are closely linked to both the choice of source texts (STs) to be translated and target texts (TTs) to be published.
    Another important feature is that the majority of news transediting in South Korea is performed by Yonhap News Agency, the nation’s largest news agency, which is sponsored by the national government. This begs the question: What happens when Yonhap addresses the translation of foreign news articles that portray their sponsor in a negative light?
    A great number of studies have demonstrated that news as a social (re)construction of reality is not a neutral product and that, as a commercial entity, a news organization will orient itself toward accommodating external forces such as owners, investors or advertisers. Along these lines, this thesis assumes that transedited news produced by journalists is not excepted from this phenomenon. Through in-depth interviews with news transeditors, analysis of corporate ownership structures and presidential approval ratings, as well as through case studies of text analysis incorporating such factors, this thesis sets out to explore the institutional and socio-political constraints that may influence the process of transediting. The data for analysis is comprised of 69 New York Times (NYT) articles related to the Korean government (ST) and 330 transedited news texts (TT) produced during the five-year term in office (2008-2012) of the previous South Korean government.
    As the first step in the investigation of the relation between institutional ideologies and the transediting process, the subject news organizations (composed of offline newspaper companies, online newspaper companies and news agencies) were divided into two types based on an ownership analysis: government-related organizations (with the state either holding a controlling stake or exercising significant control over their operations) and private organization (lacking state-owned shares). The 330 TTs were similarly divided into two types based on the ownership type of the organization that produced the TT: TTgov (TTs produced by government-related organizations) and TTprv (TTs produced by private organizations). The NYT source articles were also categorized into ‘positive’, ‘negative’ and ‘neutral’ in terms of their portrayal of the South Korean government. Statistical tests were then conducted to determine whether the type of ownership is correlated with the type of NYT articles selected for translation. Considering the fact that news organizations often share news articles among themselves, the correlation between the type of TT (TTgov or TTprv) and of the NYT articles was also tested, in order to examine whether power relations with the government influence the ideological positioning of the news organization.
    For the determination of the correlation between the institutional and socio-political factors in news transediting, statistical tests were conducted on the ownership-based type of an organization and TTs and presidential approval ratings.
    Finally, four sets of STs and TTs were compared to examine how each TT positions itself ideologically in support of or in opposition to the government. In-depth analyses were performed to explore the manners in which diverse ideological structures and strategies are employed for strengthening positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation as conceptualized by van Dijk, depending upon the ideological stance of each organization.
    This thesis concludes that ideology as an institutional constraint wields a significant influence on both the process and products of news transediting. It also identifies a tendency among liberal or progressive newspapers critical of the conservative government to emphasize the negative aspects and actions of the government by means of a variety of strategies of manipulation at the text level. In contrast, Yonhap is found to utilize a gatekeeping process to filter out sensitive STs, thereby preventing any perceived need for textual manipulation.
    번역하기

    News transediting, which involves both news translation and editing, is arguably the most common type of English-Korean news translation and yet remains one of the least studied fields of translation in South Korea. This thesis explores the nature of ...

    News transediting, which involves both news translation and editing, is arguably the most common type of English-Korean news translation and yet remains one of the least studied fields of translation in South Korea. This thesis explores the nature of English-Korean news transediting with a particular focus on precisely how ideology and power relations influence the products and processes of the transediting of foreign news articles. Drawing upon the complementary frameworks of descriptive-explanatory translation studies (DETS) and critical discourse analysis (CDA), it proposes a model for the critical analysis of news transediting consisting of three dimensions of news discourse: text, institutional factors, and socio-political factors.
    One of the key features of English-Korean news transediting is that it is performed not by professional translators, but by in-house journalists subject to a variety of institutional constraints. It is assumed that the most important among these constraints is an ideological one derived from the ownership structure of a news organization, and that the ideology of a news organization, particularly its power relations with the local government, are closely linked to both the choice of source texts (STs) to be translated and target texts (TTs) to be published.
    Another important feature is that the majority of news transediting in South Korea is performed by Yonhap News Agency, the nation’s largest news agency, which is sponsored by the national government. This begs the question: What happens when Yonhap addresses the translation of foreign news articles that portray their sponsor in a negative light?
    A great number of studies have demonstrated that news as a social (re)construction of reality is not a neutral product and that, as a commercial entity, a news organization will orient itself toward accommodating external forces such as owners, investors or advertisers. Along these lines, this thesis assumes that transedited news produced by journalists is not excepted from this phenomenon. Through in-depth interviews with news transeditors, analysis of corporate ownership structures and presidential approval ratings, as well as through case studies of text analysis incorporating such factors, this thesis sets out to explore the institutional and socio-political constraints that may influence the process of transediting. The data for analysis is comprised of 69 New York Times (NYT) articles related to the Korean government (ST) and 330 transedited news texts (TT) produced during the five-year term in office (2008-2012) of the previous South Korean government.
    As the first step in the investigation of the relation between institutional ideologies and the transediting process, the subject news organizations (composed of offline newspaper companies, online newspaper companies and news agencies) were divided into two types based on an ownership analysis: government-related organizations (with the state either holding a controlling stake or exercising significant control over their operations) and private organization (lacking state-owned shares). The 330 TTs were similarly divided into two types based on the ownership type of the organization that produced the TT: TTgov (TTs produced by government-related organizations) and TTprv (TTs produced by private organizations). The NYT source articles were also categorized into ‘positive’, ‘negative’ and ‘neutral’ in terms of their portrayal of the South Korean government. Statistical tests were then conducted to determine whether the type of ownership is correlated with the type of NYT articles selected for translation. Considering the fact that news organizations often share news articles among themselves, the correlation between the type of TT (TTgov or TTprv) and of the NYT articles was also tested, in order to examine whether power relations with the government influence the ideological positioning of the news organization.
    For the determination of the correlation between the institutional and socio-political factors in news transediting, statistical tests were conducted on the ownership-based type of an organization and TTs and presidential approval ratings.
    Finally, four sets of STs and TTs were compared to examine how each TT positions itself ideologically in support of or in opposition to the government. In-depth analyses were performed to explore the manners in which diverse ideological structures and strategies are employed for strengthening positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation as conceptualized by van Dijk, depending upon the ideological stance of each organization.
    This thesis concludes that ideology as an institutional constraint wields a significant influence on both the process and products of news transediting. It also identifies a tendency among liberal or progressive newspapers critical of the conservative government to emphasize the negative aspects and actions of the government by means of a variety of strategies of manipulation at the text level. In contrast, Yonhap is found to utilize a gatekeeping process to filter out sensitive STs, thereby preventing any perceived need for textual manipulation.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • I. 서론 1
    • 1.1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 1.2. 연구 방법 및 논문의 구성 7
    • II. 이론적 배경 9
    • I. 서론 1
    • 1.1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 1.2. 연구 방법 및 논문의 구성 7
    • II. 이론적 배경 9
    • 2.1. 뉴스편역의 정의 9
    • 2.1.1. 편역의 정의 9
    • 2.1.2. 뉴스번역과 뉴스편역의 개념적 차이 10
    • 2.1.3. 뉴스편역 및 외신편역의 조작적 정의 13
    • 2.2. 제도적 번역으로서의 뉴스편역 15
    • 2.2.1. 제도적 번역의 개념 및 특징 15
    • 2.2.2. 제도적 번역과 이데올로기 18
    • 2.2.2.1. 이데올로기의 정의 18
    • 2.2.2.2. 번역물 생산 관점의 이데올로기 21
    • 2.2.2.3. 뉴스 생산 관점의 이데올로기 24
    • 2.2.3. CDA 관점의 제도적 번역과 이데올로기 29
    • 2.2.3.1. CDA와 비판언어학 29
    • 2.2.3.2. 이데올로기와 CDA 32
    • 2.2.3.3. 뉴스 생산의 이데올로기와 CDA 33
    • 2.2.4. 뉴스번역의 이데올로기에 대한 선행연구 35
    • 2.2.4.1. 해외 연구의 특징 및 한계 35
    • 2.2.4.2. 국내 연구의 특징 및 한계 38
    • 2.3. 뉴스 장르로서의 뉴스편역 40
    • 2.3.1. 뉴스편역 텍스트의 구조적 특징 40
    • 2.3.1.1. 기사문의 유형 40
    • 2.3.1.2. 역피라미드 구조의 함의 43
    • 2.3.1.3. 기사문의 담론구조 45
    • 2.3.2. 뉴스편역 텍스트의 내용적 특징 48
    • 2.3.2.1. 뉴스프레임과 프레이밍 48
    • 2.3.2.2. 의제설정 효과 51
    • 2.3.2.3. 뉴스보도와 게이트키핑 51
    • 2.3.3. 뉴스편역 장르의 특징 53
    • 2.3.3.1. 뉴스편역의 장르적 정체성 53
    • 2.3.3.2. 뉴스편역의 생산 과정 및 결과물에 관한 규범 56
    • 2.3.3.3. 뉴스편역 생산 및 소비 주체에 관한 규범 58
    • 2.3.3.4. 뉴스편역과 등가성 61
    • 2.4. 뉴스의 이데올로기 연구를 위한 분석 모형 63
    • 2.4.1. van Dijk의 이데올로기 구조 63
    • 2.4.2. Fairclough의 담론분석 모형 67
    • 2.4.3. Calzada-Prez의 기술-설명론적 분석 모형 69
    • 2.4.4. Bielsa와 Bassnett의 텍스트 개입 유형 70
    • III. 연구 방법 73
    • 3.1. 연구 설계 73
    • 3.1.1. 외신편역의 제도적 요인 73
    • 3.1.2. 외신편역의 이데올로기에 대한 비판적 분석 모형 75
    • 3.1.3. 연구질문 및 연구방법의 개요 77
    • 3.2. 연구 방법 및 절차 79
    • 3.2.1. 편역자 면접조사 79
    • 3.2.2. 데이터 수집 방법 및 기준 81
    • 3.2.3. 제도적 요인 분석 86
    • 3.2.4. 사회적 요인 분석 88
    • 3.2.5. 외신편역 사례 분석 90
    • IV. 분석 결과 및 논의 94
    • 4.1. 외신편역의 이데올로기와 텍스트 외적 영향요인 분석 94
    • 4.1.1. 외신편역 텍스트의 생산 및 분배 94
    • 4.1.1.1. 신문사의 외신편역 94
    • 4.1.1.2. 연합뉴스의 외신편역 97
    • 4.1.1.3. 외신편역 텍스트 생산 과정의 특징 및 함의 98
    • 4.1.2. 제도적 요인이 외신편역에 미치는 영향 101
    • 4.1.2.1. 언론사별 지배구조 101
    • 4.1.2.2 지배구조와 ST 선택의 연관성 106
    • 4.1.2.3. 지배구조와 TT 생산 및 선택의 연관성 112
    • 4.1.3. 사회정치적 요인이 외신편역에 미치는 영향 117
    • 4.1.3.1. 국정지지도와 ST 선택의 연관성 117
    • 4.1.3.2. 국정지지도와 TT 선택의 연관성 121
    • 4.1.4. 텍스트 외적 요인이 외신편역 이데올로기에 갖는 함의 123
    • 4.2. 외신편역의 이데올로기에 대한 텍스트 분석 125
    • 4.2.1. 사례분석1: 2008년 촛불시위 관련기사의 편역 126
    • 4.2.1.1. ST의 개요 및 편역의 배경 126
    • 4.2.1.2. 제목과 리드의 형식구조 및 의미구조 127
    • 4.2.1.3. 본문의 형식구조 및 의미구조 132
    • 4.2.2. 사례분석 2: 2009년 노무현 대통령 자살 관련기사의 편역 144
    • 4.2.2.1. ST의 개요 및 편역의 배경 144
    • 4.2.2.2. 제목과 리드의 형식구조 및 의미구조 145
    • 4.2.2.3. 본문의 형식구조 및 의미구조 147
    • 4.2.3. 사례 분석 3: 2011년 나는 꼼수다 관련기사의 편역 157
    • 4.2.3.1. ST의 개요 및 편역의 배경 157
    • 4.2.3.2. 제목과 리드의 형식구조 및 의미구조 158
    • 4.2.3.3. 본문의 형식구조 및 의미구조 164
    • 4.2.4. 사례분석 4: 2012년 민간인 사찰 사건 관련기사의 편역 174
    • 4.2.4.1. ST의 개요 및 편역의 배경 174
    • 4.2.4.2. 제목과 리드의 형식구조 및 의미구조 175
    • 4.2.4.3. 본문의 형식구조 및 의미구조 178
    • 4.2.5. 텍스트 분석 결과 논의 185
    • V. 결론 187
    • 5.1. 연구 결과 요약 187
    • 5.2. 연구의 의의 190
    • 5.3. 연구의 한계 및 향후 과제 191
    • 참고문헌 194
    • 부 록 214
    • 영문초록 232
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