Studies considering L1 are needed for effective pronunciation education. With more and more Vietnamese in Korea, studies about them in the field of Korean language education are insufficient compared with those about English or Chinese. Previous studi...
Studies considering L1 are needed for effective pronunciation education. With more and more Vietnamese in Korea, studies about them in the field of Korean language education are insufficient compared with those about English or Chinese. Previous studies showed that Vietnamese have the most difficulties in pronunciation of Korean fricatives and affricates. Not many intensive studies about the reason, however, were carried out. Therefore, this study aims to examine the pronunciation of Korean fricatives and affricates by Vietnamese, based on PAM and SLM, and then to provide the result as basic data of Korean language pronunciation education for Vietnamese. Experiments were conducted about the perception and the production of fricatives and affricates with fifty Vietnamese in the basic level of Korean language. And by measuring various physical values based on acoustic phonetics, scientific and objective reasons of the errors were tried to find out.
In the perception analysis of fricatives, /ㅅ/ is pronounced more accurately than /ㅆ/ in the word-initial position, and similarly accurately in the word-medial position. But both are pronounced more accurately in the word-initial . In the production analysis, both /ㅅ/ and /ㅆ/ are pronounced more accurately than average, but /ㅆ/ is pronounced more accurately contrary to the perception analysis. In the acoustic phonetics analysis, the friction duration of /ㅅ/ in the word-initial is longer than that of Korean native speakers, and that of /ㅆ/ is similar. The breathing duration of /ㅅ/ is shorter, but /ㅆ/ longer. It means that Vietnamese have less understanding of the breathing duration of /ㅅ/ in the word-initial. Longer friction duration in /ㅅ/ In the word-medial position, shorter in /ㅆ/. Having similar friction duration of /ㅆ/ compared with that of Korean speakers means that Vietnamese pronounce /ㅆ/ more accurately than /ㅅ/.
In the perception analysis of affricates, /ㅊ/ is pronounced accurately in the word-initial, /ㅈ/ in the word-medial relatively. In the production analysis, /ㅈ/ and /ㅉ/ are pronounced more accurately than /ㅊ/. In the acoustic phonetics analysis, no significant difference is in /ㅈ/ and /ㅉ/ in the VOT value contrary to that of Korean speakers. Also no meaningful distinction in /ㅈ/, /ㅉ/, and /ㅊ/ in the pitch value by both men and women. In the word-medial, there is similar closure duration. However, in the VOT value, no significant difference is between /ㅈ/ and /ㅉ/, /ㅉ/ and /ㅊ/, contrary to Korean speakers'. And, in the pitch value, no meaningful distinction between /ㅈ/ and /ㅉ/, /ㅈ/ and /ㅊ/. In the VOT value and the pitch value, /ㅉ/ is closest to that of Korean spearkers', but /ㅈ/ and /ㅊ/ are much different. It mean that Vietnamese have a little more difficulties in /ㅈ/ and /ㅊ/ than /ㅉ/.
This study has significance in trial to objectively and scientifically clarify the production of Korean fricatives and affricates by Vietnamese, using perception, measurement, and acoustic phonetics analyses altogether. In addition, with few data to show acoustic phonetics features about the pronunciation of fricatives and affricates of Korean language by Vietnamese, this study is meaningful as basic materials of pronunciation education for them.