The purpose of this study was to figure out the influence of fathers' child-rearing involvement level in young children and parent efficacy upon young children's playfulness and self-esteem. The following are the problems that were established in this...
The purpose of this study was to figure out the influence of fathers' child-rearing involvement level in young children and parent efficacy upon young children's playfulness and self-esteem. The following are the problems that were established in this study.
1. Is there difference in fathers' child-rearing involvement level and parent efficacy depending on fathers' academic background and monthly income?
2. Is there relationship between fathers' child-rearing involvement level and parent efficacy?
3. Do fathers' child-rearing involvement level and parent efficacy have influence upon young children's playfulness?
4. Do fathers' child-rearing involvement level and parent efficacy have influence upon young children's self-esteem?
The subjects of this study were totally 220 people with 170 young children who are attending 2 kindergartens where are located in Incheon and 50 young children aged fully 3, 4 who are attending child care centers. The rating of fathers' child-rearing involvement level was used the scale used by Lee Yeong-hwan, Lee Jin-suk, and Jo bok-hui(1999). Fathers' parent efficacy was used what Shin Suk-jae(1997) adapted what was developed by Gibaud-Wallston and Wndersman(1978). Young children's playfulness was used the teacher rating scale, which was developed in order to be possibly used targeting preschoolers by Lee Hye-gyeong(2009) as for the rating tool of playfulness for young children manufactured by Barnett(1991). Young children's self-esteem was used 'scale for young children's self-esteem' developed by Ji Seong-ae, Kim Yeong-ok, and Park Hui-suk(2003).
The analysis of the collected materials was used SPSS WIN 18.0 program. To examine research subjects' general characteristics, the descriptive statistical analysis was carried out after calculating frequency analysis, the mean, and percentage. To verify reliability of a research tool, it was judged with Cronbach‘s coefficient. The difference between child-rearing involvement level and parent efficacy according to fathers' general characteristics was analyzed with one-way ANOVA. The relationship among fathers' child-rearing involvement level, parent efficacy, young children's playfulness, and self-esteem was carried out correlation analysis. To examine the influence of fathers' child-rearing involvement level and parent efficacy upon young children's playfulness and self-esteem, the multiple regression analysis was carried out.
The results of this study are as follows.
First, it was indicated that the higher in fathers' academic background leads to the higher in fathers' child-rearing involvement level and parent efficacy. It was indicated that the larger in fathers' monthly income leads to the higher in child-rearing involvement level. The parent efficacy showed significant difference only in parent efficacy and an interest & concern in parenting according to monthly income. Parent frustration and anxiety were indicated to have no difference.
Second, as a result of analyzing relationship between fathers' parent efficacy and child-rearing involvement level, the high correlation was shown. Especially, high correlation was indicated in a developmental support.
Third, the higher in fathers' being together with children led to the higher in young children's playfulness level.
Fourth, the higher in fathers' being together with children and in parent efficacy led to the higher in young children's self-esteem.