韓半島 出土 重層琉璃玉 硏究 = A Study of Double-layer Glass Beads Excavated in the Korean Peninsula

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Double-layer Glass Beads refer to the beads, the inside of which is composed of two layers. It had generally been known that such beads were decorated with gold or silver foil between the glass layers. However, those without such metal foil have also been excavated.

Despite the frequent mentioning of Double-layer Glass Beads as a type of various glass beads, there has unfortunately been no significant research specifically designed for the Double-layer Glass Beads. Hence, this study aims to understand the unique characteristics and features of Double-layer Glass Beads excavated in the Korean Peninsula through in-depth analyses while examining the emergence and evolution of Double-layer Glass Beads and their significance in terms of the areas where they were excavated.

Advanced techniques are required to craft Double-layer Glass Beads, for which impurities and pigments need to be eliminated to create transparent glass and metal foil is inserted between glass layers. There are roughly about five methods to make these beads, and on the Korean Peninsula, beads made with three of these methods have been found. Advanced scientific techniques made it possible to analyze and identify where the glass of the beads originates in. According to the results, most of the Double-layer Glass Beads excavated in the Korean Peninsula were a HCLA type that was made of glass from the Western world including Roman glass and Sasan glass.

Double-layer Glass Beads can be categorized in groups according to the existence of metal foil, foil quality, glass color and glass shape. In the case of the Korean Peninsula, Type IAa1 and Type IAa2 were the most common among what had been buried. However, Type IBa1, Type IBa2, Type IBb1 and Type IBb2 were also found in the Tomb of King Muryeong of the Baekje Dynasty for the first time in Korea, which dates back to the early 6th century. Type II Double-layer glass beads were only found in two sites. One is the Seobongchong Tumulus (Late 5C) in Gyeongju and the other is the Wangheungsa TempleSite (After Late 6C) of the Buyeo Dynasty where Type IIb1 was excavated. As based on this, it can be assumed that at least the use of Type II beads was not limited to some specific period of time. After the late 6th century, though Type IAa1 and Type IA12 continued to be seen, Type IBb1 and Type IBb2 were the most common during the period. And no Double-layer Glass Beads made after the 7th Century has been excavated.

Double-layer Glass Beads with the characteristics described above were first introduced to the Korean Peninsula through the active intermediate trade by Nakranggun Army on the Peninsula. Since then, the Three Han States had imported the beads though direct or indirect trade with the Army. It also appears that the Three Han States imported the beads from the Western world through trade with Southeast Asia. As the Three Kingdoms Period of Korea began, the Kingdom of Baekje played a pivotal role of importing and spreading the beads on the Peninsula. The beads acquired through trade with Southeast Asia were often used as gifts bestowed on the influential local gentry by the central ruler in a bid to govern regional powers. Baekje also transferred the beads to neighboring states, such as Shilla and Gaya.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 1
• 1. 용어의 설정 1
• 2. 선행연구 검토 및 문제 제기 3
• 3. 연구대상 및 연구방법 6
• Ⅱ. 출토 유적 7
• 1. 한반도 북부지역 8
• 2. 한반도 중ㆍ남부지역 10
• 1) 경기지역 10
• 2) 호서지역 13
• 3) 호남지역 25
• 4) 영남지역 37
• Ⅲ. 중층유리구슬의 분석과 분류 43
• 1. 제작기법과 화학조성 43
• 1) 제작기법 43
• 2) 화학조성 49
• 2. 분류 53
• 1) 분류기준 53
• 2) 중층유리구슬의 형식 57
• Ⅳ. 중층유리구슬의 출현과 전개 과정 62
• Ⅴ. 중층유리구슬의 지역성과 의미 70
• Ⅵ. 맺음말 78
• 참고문헌 82