This study is aimed to analyze how personal factors and factors of low social support influenced expected job level of highly educated (above junior college) and married women in career severance who had intentions of seeking jobs and to set up study ...
This study is aimed to analyze how personal factors and factors of low social support influenced expected job level of highly educated (above junior college) and married women in career severance who had intentions of seeking jobs and to set up study questions and proceed this study as follows.
First question is whether the personal factors of highly education women in career severance influences expected job level.
Second question is whether the factors of low social support of highly education women in career severance influences expected job level?
To do this, we conducted survey on 152 married women who in their 20's to 50's, who wanted to have jobs but were unemployed because of career severance, and who have education background above junior college and analyzed the surveys by using SPSS 18.0. The result of this study is as follows:
First, there was a significant difference between personal factors and expected job level of highly-educated women in career severance. The older these women were, the lower expected job level they had, and the expected job level of graduates from a four-year college was higher than that of graduates from a junior college.
Second, after analyzing the result of the difference of minimal expected salary of questions measuring expected job level by personal factors, there was a significant difference in the number of children, the amount of salary of their previous workplace, and the job-searching plan within a year. If they had one child or three children, they tended to want higher minimal salary, and according to the salary of their previous workplace, there was also a difference in the minimal expected salary. And the higher their salary from the previous workplace was, the higher the expected minimal salary they wanted and this difference was very significant. In addition, women who had a plan to find a job within a year tended to expect lower salary than those who didn't have.
Third, there was no significant difference between social support and expected job level. The previous preliminary studies discovered that in the cases of married women, their husbands' opinion about the women's work influenced significantly, and that the emotional support of husband and family members was an important variant. According to this, this study also presumed that among the factors of the low social support, emotional support related to spouses was the variant which inevitably influenced expected job level. Therefore, to find out whether the expected job level of highly education women in career severance were influenced by social support of social network of family members or friends aside from their spouses, this study designed the study model by composing the factors of low social support with four variants, emotional support, assesment support, informational support, and materialistic support. However, unlike the results of the previous preliminary studies, this study found out that the factors of low social support didn't influence expected job level of highly education women in career severance.
Synthesizing the study's results showed that as highly educated women in career severance were well aware of the high barrier into the re-employment market, they tended to consider themselves as a person with no career even though they had job experience and receive support from family and society regardless of their age and educational background. So that is why these women had a subjectively acceptable expected job level, which means that older women had a lower expected level of job, and women who graduated from a four-year college had higher expected level of job than those who graduated from a junior college. In other words, they considered themselves as a person with no career and adjusted their expected level of job. That is why their expected job level is similar with one another when excluding the factors such as age and educational background. The only factors that influence on the job-seeking of highly educated women in career severance are assumed to be age and educational background. If they consider not only their age and educational background but also their previous job experience when they seek for solution to find a job again, their expected job level would fit the level of their own human capital. Through this, the more women in career severance had a human capital like higher educational background, more experiences, and more skills, the more easily they were employed. And through this re-employment, they could do a more productive task than before and this would lead to higher salary.
Among personal factors and factors of low social support of highly-educated women in career severance, this study analyzed the factors which influence their expected level of job and therefore this study couldn't find which factors of low social support influence the expected level of job. Therefore, further studies need to be followed.