Every organization needs to adjust itself to the social change for survival, and cooperation and innovation are the primary key factors for its existence and development. As long as the members of the organization exchange opinions freely regardless o...
Every organization needs to adjust itself to the social change for survival, and cooperation and innovation are the primary key factors for its existence and development. As long as the members of the organization exchange opinions freely regardless of the classes and divisions, and they could be more innovative based on such a common ground, the organization is likely to gain an advantage in competition, which is essential for it to survive in the rapidly changing social environment. Thus, improving the cooperative behaviors and innovative behavioristic practices in relation to the work performance of the organization members is one of the most important issues in terms of business management.
Bass divided types of leadership to 'transactional leadership' and 'transformational leadership. A transactional leader would induce efficient behaviors among members through the transaction of results and reward while a transformational leader would induce the members' voluntary participation by presenting a vision for the future of both the organization and individual members. Since this is not of a transactional relationship, the members are likely to participate voluntarily and actively. Showing interests in individual members' development of capabilities and leaving them responsibilities for and authorities over tasks can motivate and inspire them in a way of empowerment. There have been recent arguments that inherent motivation is more important than superficial motivation in order to improve the cooperation and innovative work performance among the organization members. Inherent motivation basically results from mental rewarding.
In the case of college organization, the administrator's leadership is vital since the relationship depends on the interaction between the administrative divisions and students. There must be a support for voluntary decision-making among organization members for a flexible administrative work flow as well as appropriate judgment and problem-solving on the spot. In this regard, authorizing the organization members to make decisions in each situation is considered empowerment while voluntary interests of college members in tasks are the very core of motivation. If the administrator could entrust the members for duties and motivate them to make better decisions and to develop affections for the workplace, cooperation among divisions in the organization as well as collaboration among the members will be facilitated, and original, creative, and innovative ideas on tasks will be brought out by them.
This study includes an empirical research on the effects on the work behaviors of members with each type of leadership as the independent variables.
A survey was conducted among the staffs of four year colleges around the country, and the analysis was based on the valid 400 questionnaires. As to statistical analysis, the SPSS 18.0 statistical program was utilized. In addition, a frequency analysis in consideration of the demographic characteristics and a descriptive analysis including the average and standard deviation were conducted. To verify if the variables selected as the measuring method corresponded to the factors in the theories of precedent researches, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted as well. To verify the inherent consistency of variables extracted through a factor analysis, Cronbach alpha values were used in the reliability analysis. Third, a correlation analysis was conducted to grasp the correlation among measured variables, and a regression analysis, which was adopted as a way of verifying the study model and hypothesis, also was conducted to address how the independent variables and parameters would affect the dependent variables. Hypothesis 1 is that transformational leadership positively(+) affects the work behaviors of the members while hypothesis 2 is that transactional leadership negatively(-) affects the work behaviors, which adopts innovative behaviors of the members but excludes cooperative behaviors. Such results show that since the work types are standardized and focused on the single affairs - education, and thus cooperative work practices among divisions affect cooperative behaviors among members and result in positive(+) effects. As for hypotheses 3 and 4, the factors that might affect work behaviors of the members were analyzed with inherent motivation and empowerment as the media. As a result, it turned out that the members' work behaviors with inherent motivation and empowerment as the media had a positive(+) effect. As for hypothesis 5, the factors that might affect the members' work behaviors were analyzed with types of leadership as the independent variables and inherent motivation and empowerment as the media. As to verifying the hypotheses, hypotheses 5-1 to 5-8 were adopted or partly adopted. According to the regression analysis result on the parameters, the effect of independent variables on dependent variables was insignificant while the effect of parameters was significant. Thus, it turned out that transformational leadership had perfect mediating effects.
To adjust changing social circumstance, to cooperate with each other, and to innovate oneself are essentially required regardless of what type of organization for their survival.