위험시설의 risk contour 작성 방법에 관한 연구 = Study on the implementation of risk contour for hazardous plant|RISS 상세보기

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The scientific technologies after industry revolution changed the social structure in innovative ways and thus, the production and economic growth made the life of human being abundant and prosperous. However, this splendid scientific technologies brought about big threaten to the co existence of human being and nature and social & moral side effects.
Side effects like fire, explosion, leak and etc. become the major accidents, and many controls and managements are being completed in the form of laws and international organizations for prevention. Furthermore, many approach methods were developed and researched to prevent the major accidents and applied in the industrial fields, but they were used just for hazard materials and hazard facilities in limited ways.
This study does suggest the analysis of hazard factors on facilities through the case studies of Quantitative Risk Analysis and finding the systematic & comprehensive hazard factors and establishment of evaluation process beyond such limited methods, and also suggest analytic ways as base for security assurance of facilities by environmental evaluation of hazard facilities such as neighbor facilities and public facilities. Therefore, this study does suggest the preventive & minimizing methods against the major accidents conceptualizing the emergency action plan & minimization's method.
The hazard factors are found through the conventional danger evaluation method focusing on the a Co-generation plant as a case study and fourteen scenarios are derived. The derived accidents are handled in details in each scenario, and the three weather conditions are utilized analysing the local weather information.
The expected damage scope are calculated by consequence analysis considering the weather information in scenarios and the expected damage possibility are also calculated.
Based on Consequence Analysis and Frequency Analysis, the hazard's distance is calculated on X axis with minimum 253 m and maximum 539 m and on Y axis with minimum 123 m and maximum 305. It is found that X axis has as minimum 97 to maximum 119 unit sections, and Y axis has 88 to 102 unit sections, and X & Y axis has all together 190 unit intervals, so 36,100 danger's unit sections. The results are indicated on hazard map for the Co-generation plant.
It is also found that over 400 m is disparate to the 10-9 contour as the minimal hazard close to residential area, and the hazard of 10-9 is not different to the hazard influencing the common residential area and the daily life.
The hazard map is completed through the Quantitative Risk Analysis, and this will help assure the security of hazardous facilities and their residential areas and establish the system for emergency action plan based on this map. This study results will be used as basic data to decrease the hazard from the view point of damage and functional size and thus, the important industrial accidents will be controled.

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목차 (Table of Contents)

목 차
Ⅰ. 서 론 1
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 4
1. 안전관리 실태 현황 4

목 차
Ⅰ. 서 론 1
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 4
1. 안전관리 실태 현황 4
2. 위험성 평가 절차 6
가. 위험성평가의 종류 8
나. 확률론적 위험성평가 13
다. 신뢰도(Reliability) 15
라. 안전 무결성 등급(SIL :Safety Integrity Level) 19
3. 기존 Risk 표현방법 22
가. 위험도 수치화 시스템 22
나. 개인적 위험(Individual Risk) 38
다. 사회적 위험(Societal Risk) 표현 방법 39
4. Risk Contour 이론 44
가. 개요 44
나. 위험 등고선(Risk Contour) 작성 47
Ⅲ. Risk Contour 작성 62
1. 공정안전 자료(Process Safety Index) 64
가. 플랜트에 대한 설명(Description of the plant) 64
나. 사용 물질에 대한 설명(Description of substances) 65
다. 위험에 대한 설명(Description of hazards) 65
라. 안전관리 시스템(Safety Management System) 65
마. 비상조치계획(Emergency plan) 66
2. 위험 요소 확인(Hazard Identification) 66
가. 정성적 위험성 평가(Quality Safety Analysis) 66
나. 활용 67
3. 시나리오 작성(Scenario Selection) 67
4. 빈도 분석(Frequency Analysis) 67
5. 결과 분석(Consequence Analysis) 68
6. 위험도 계산(Risk Evaluation) 69
7. 위험 등고선(Risk Contour) 작성 69
Ⅳ. 사례 분석 70
1. 공정 개요 70
가. 열병합 발전소 70
2. 위험성 평가 82
가. FMEA(Failure Mode & Effects Analysis) 82
나. HAZOP(Hazard and Operability Study) 86
3. 시나리오 선정 90
가. 시나리오 선정 90
나. 시나리오의 구체화 91
다. 세부 시나리오 92
라. 열병합 발전소 주변 기상조건 97
4. Risk Contour 작성 98
가. 결과 분석(Consequence Analysis) 98
나. 빈도 분석(Frequency Analysis) 112
다. 위험 등고선(Risk Contour) 작성 115
Ⅴ. 결론 119
참고문헌 123
부 록 159
ABSTRACT 164
List of Tables
Table 1. SIL vs. Availability 20
Table 2. Presentation of Risk 24
Table 3. Fatal Accident Rates is various industries and activities 26
Table 4. Comparison of the Risk Contour and Merge Risk Contour 63
Table 5. Specification of Gas Turbine 72
Table 6. Specification of Steam Turbine 74
Table 7. Specification of HRSG 75
Table 8. Specification of Heat Supply Pump 76
Table 9. Specification of Cooler 77
Table 10. Specification of Auxiliary Boiler 78
Table 11. Process Materials 81
Table 12. Evaluation Points of Risk Priority Number 83
Table 13. Example of FMEA sheet(Gas Turbine) 84
Table 14. Example of FMEA sheet(Ammonia Storage Tank) 85
Table 15. Risk Rating 87
Table 16. Deviation of Study Node 88
Table 17. Example of HAZOP Sheet(LNG Gas Turbine) 89
Table 18. Scenario 96
Table 19. Result of Scenario 1 99
Table 20. Result of Scenario 2 100
Table 21. Result of Scenario 3, 4 102
Table 22. Result of Scenario 5, 6 103
Table 23. Result of Scenario 7, 8 105
Table 24. Result of Scenario 9 107
Table 25. Result of Scenario 10, 11 109
Table 26. Result of Scenario 12 110
Table 27. Result of Scenario 13, 14 111
Table 28. Accident Reliability Data Sample 114
Table 29. Risk Contour Distance Result 115
Table 30. Risk Contour Cell Result 116
List of Figures
Figure 1. Hazard Evaluation Procedure 8
Figure 2. Typical Failure Curve(Bath Tube Curve & Hockey Stick Curve) 15
Figure 3. A Procedure for Individual Risk Contours 33
Figure 4. Effect Zone for an Outcome Case Dependence on Wind direction for the simplified Individual Risk Estimation Procedure of Figure 34
Figure 5. Individual Risk Profile. 38
Figure 6. A Procedure for Calculation of Societal Risk F-N Curves 40
Figure 7. F-N Curve Plotting 43
Figure 8. Probit level 5-LD50 Footprint(1.5F,5D) 49
Figure 9. Probit level 5-LD50 Footprint(Combination) 49
Figure 10. Population at Risk exposure(1st Define) 50
Figure 11. Population at Risk exposure(2nd Define) 52
Figure 12. Population at Risk exposure(Actual) 52
Figure 13. Population at Risk exposure(30〬) 52
Figure 14. Grid Overlay 53
Figure 15. Grid Overlay(Population blocks & Lethal Dose Contour) 54
Figure 16. Wind Rose Data 57
Figure 17. Equipment Individual Risk Matrix 58
Figure 18. Process of Risk Contour 62
Figure 19. Diagram of Steam Supply & Power Generation 71
Figure 20. PFD of CO-Generation 71
Figure 21. Gas Turbine 73
Figure 22. Steam Turbine 74
Figure 23. Power Transmission System 75
Figure 24. HRSG(Heat Recovery Steam Generator) 76
Figure 25. Heat Supply Pump 77
Figure 26. Cooler 78
Figure 27. Auxiliary Boiler 79
Figure 28. Principles of denitrification 80
Figure 29. P&ID of CO-Generation 86
Figure 30. Risk Contour Final Result 1 116
Figure 31. Risk Contour Final Result 2 117
Figure 32. Risk Contour Final Result 3 117
Figure 33. Risk Contour Legend 118
Figure 34. Frequency of N+Fatalities/Average 118

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위험시설의 risk contour 작성 방법에 관한 연구 = Study on the implementation of risk contour for hazardous plant

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