The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of middle school students’ participation in after-school physical activities on the resilience and the deviation.
3 middle schools located in Seoul are randomly chosen, and 350 survey papers ar...
The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of middle school students’ participation in after-school physical activities on the resilience and the deviation.
3 middle schools located in Seoul are randomly chosen, and 350 survey papers are distributed to the female and male students from the 7th grade to the 10th grade. In the statistical analysis, only 295 answered papers are used, and the other papers are excluded from the analysis for the reasons such as unreliable responses, identical responses to all the questions, or non-response.
The collected data is processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 19. All the significant levels in the analyses are set up to 5% and the following statistical analyses are used to analyze and process the data.
At first, the frequency analysis is conducted to the respondents' general issues, and to verify the reliability of each survey question, the exploratory factor analysis is conducted and the value of Cronbach alpha is confirmed. The exploratory factor analysis is also conducted for verification of the factorial validity regarding the measurement instruments.
To test statistical differences in the resilience and the deviation in accordance with participation in the after-school physical activities and the level or degree of participation (intensity, frequency, period), one-way ANOVA is employed. In the case where there exist significant differences among groups in the one-way ANOVA, the post-hoc test using Tukey method is also conducted to understand the differences.
Moreover, to study the effect of the participation in the after-school physical activities on the resilience and the deviation, the correlation analysis is conducted, and the multivariate analysis is also employed to check if there is a relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable.
First of all, in the analysis of the differences in the resilience and the deviation in accordance with whether to participate in the physical activity, the degree and the level of participation, the results show that the students who participate in the physical activity exhibit higher values in the items such as the understanding causes, the life-satisfaction, the optimism, the relationships, the communication, and the sympathizing ability which are the sub-factors of the resilience than the students who do not participate in the activity. In addition, the non-participants of the activity exhibit the higher value in the items such as the disappearance from home, the sexual deviation, the prohibited drugs, and the deviation in the cyber-space which are the sub-factors of the deviation than the participants in the activity.
In addition, in the analysis of the differences in the resilience and the deviation according to the level of the participation, there are significant differences in the items such as the understanding causes, the life-satisfaction, the optimism, the relationships, the sympathizing ability, and, generally, the students who participate for a "victory" exhibit higher values in the above items than the students who participate for a "satisfaction". Furthermore, the students who participate for a "victory" exhibit higher values in the items such as the disappearance from home and the deviation in the cyber-space.
In the difference test of the resilience and the deviation with accordance with the period of participation, one item in the degree of participation, the averages in the understanding causes, the life-satisfaction, the optimism, the relationship, and the sympathizing ability are high. In the sub-factor of deviation, there is a significant difference in the disappearance from home and the deviation in the cyber-space. In general, it turns out that there are significant effects on the resilience and the deviation when the period of participation is long.
In the difference test of the resilience and the deviation with accordance with the frequency of participation, one item in the degree of participation, there are significant results in the items such as the understanding causes, the optimism, and the sympathizing ability, and there are also significant differences in the disappearance from home and the deviation in the cyber-space. As a whole, when the frequency of participation is high, there are significant effects on both the resilience and the deviation.
Secondly, the result from the correlation analysis between the resilience and the deviation according to whether to participate in the physical activity shows that the participants' factors of the resilience have the significantly negative correlation with all the factors of the deviation.
In the third place, we study how the sub-factors of the resilience affect the factors of the deviation. As a result, we find that the sub-factors of the resilience, the understanding causes, the life-satisfaction, the optimism, the relationship, and the sympathizing ability, have significant effects on the deviation for whole respondents. In the case of participants of the physical activities, the life-satisfaction and the relationship have significant effects on the factors of the deviation. On the other hand, in the results from the analysis regarding how the factors of the resilience in the non-participants group affect the factors of the deviation, among the factors of the resilience, the understanding causes and the relationship have effects on the factors of the deviation.
From the above results, we find that the after-school physical activities have significant effects on the resilience and the deviation, and the sub-factors of the resilience significantly affect the sub-factors of the deviation. Accordingly, the after-school physical activities are able to prevent confusedness and deviation that the adolescents may experience in the rapidly changing social structure, and it can improve the resilience which is the ability to be physically, mentally, and socially healthy adults in the future. Hence, the after-school physical activities should be highly recommended by the department of education and schools, and teachers who are in charge of the programs of the activities should be specialized in the further development, the introduction, and the implementation of the advanced programs which are appropriate to the fundamental object of the physical activities. Furthermore, they should play a role as a bridge not only in the lasting physical activities but also in the lifelong physical education.