Human beings are always dreaming about and waiting for heroes, who will lead us to the ideal world. This basic human desire generates various stories about heroes, and fantasticity is the essential factor in those stories. Since heroicity, which makes...
Human beings are always dreaming about and waiting for heroes, who will lead us to the ideal world. This basic human desire generates various stories about heroes, and fantasticity is the essential factor in those stories. Since heroicity, which makes heroes be heroic, usually transcend the real world, fantasy is necessarily combined with these story, and thus heroicity and fantasticity are inseparable. Also, the fantasticity has a function of commemorating the heroic stories as more solemn and sublime ones. This study begins by focusing on the aforementioned perspectives, and tries to find the female heroes generally in Korean old tales and the true and concrete figure of them, and examine the meaning of the tales of female heroes from the perspective of fantasticity.
It is necessary to figure out what is the essence of the heroicity in female characters in order to research the tales of female heroes. Compared to male heroes, the image of female heroes are not usually distinctive in the story, so it is important to define who female heroes are, and what is the characteristics of their heroicity. Only after clarifying the essence of female heroes, more balanced and harmonized understanding of female characters will be possible.
Female heroes are usually having positive effects on themselves and all of others by finding the inner power and completing their inner maturity, distinctively featured as even tolerating enemies and deriving compromise and harmony with them. The main abilities that female characters are closely related with the women's biological characteristics, which is the omnipotence based on the motherhood and inherent nature such as production, prosperity, reproduction, etc. With this, the female heroes raise questions on the absurd reality for women in the patriarchal society, and solve the problem autonomously, as recovering the order of new word. That is, the female heroes are defined as the one who publicize the general problems in female group, and solve this subjectively and autonomously, to show the new perspective on women.
In Korean old tales, female heroes are understood as 1. motherhood 2. affection-oriented 3. Amazon 4. potentiality. The important points in the tales of female heroes are the processes of how the female characters overcome their incompleteness and are reborn as complete beings. The female characters achieve ontological development going through narration of the transformation, exploration, and sacrifice, which improve the internal and external competence and finally they obtain the title of hero.
The spacial characteristic in the Korean old tales of female heroes is that there is a special space for female character to achieve the heroicity. The first example is 'cave-style' space. The female characters go through the isolation in the cave, and there they develop their spiritual and physical competences, and obtain the heroicity. The cave is the fantastic place where the typical female characters unveil their latent heroicity, or they are newly rewarded the heroicity. Second, female characters obtains ability of regeneration at the space of death. In the space of death such as ‘Jeoseung(Afterlife)’ and ‘Seocheon Garden’, female characters find the fantastic items of regeneration and redemption, which neutralize the negative meaning in death by the female characters' ability to derive the possibility of life in the middle of the space of death.
As female characters establish their identity and prove their competence, they show the balance of spiritual and physical power, and try to find a way of coexistence even with adversarial characters by forgiving and reconciling with them rather than retaliating against them. Also, they create fantasticity into the clothing work, which once only appears to be manual labor, and thereby solve their problem and reveal their prominence. By finding meaningfulness in cloth-making, the story also make household work more meaningful and thereby create the meaning of the women's role.
The female characters in the old tales have been reinterpreted in the historical, social, and institutional dimensions, and form the characters in the novels. In the formalized characters in the old novels, we can find and borrowing the distinctive and attractive female characters without any difficulty, because the form of female heroes in our narrative tradition has been accepted and modified in a various ways.
What the tales of female heroes tried to show through the fantasy is never to escape from reality. Rather, it expresses the will to progress to the ideal world. There is no possible reality if nobody has a will to dream ideal world. The female heroes in old tales representatively show the repressive and unjust reality to the women, and suggest the expectation of solution. The reality and fantasy in the tales of female heroes are in a complementary relation, where the fantasy is embodied as real and reality is enriched by fantasy, which creates the value of storys of female heroes as major fantasy for women.
The motives and episodes in the narrative of female heroes in the tales will help figure out the historicity and stylization of Korean fantasy. Also, the harmonious and symbiotic relations between self and others, and the meaning of the true hero who embodies the value of life conveyed by the tales of female heroes have a lot of meanings to people living in the modern world.