한국 협동조합의 역할 관계 변화에 관한 연구 : 산림조합을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The cooperative is the system for which people come together in the market to enhance the competitiveness and improve their welfare and the quality of life. This played an important role of th in the development process of the primary industry.

The cooperative have had a critical role in the development in Korea. Korea experienced serious situations that are s Period of Japanese Occupation, the Korean War. In particular, the primary industry was faced with a serious crisis. The Korea Government needed the system to support the primary industy because Policy limited to overcome economic difficulties. Accordingly the Korea Government made a many of the cooperatives in the primary industry to help people's economic activity and comfortable life.

However, in the 1980s, government-driven management was faced with limitation to make decisions and spread public services. Furthemore, in the 1990s, the primary industry which weaked in a competitive price met a new crisis following globalization and liberalization in the world. Moreover, Korea was faced in economic crisis and experienced IMF(International Monetary Fund) bailout-program. The Korea foreign exchange market was worsen, major companies went bankrupt owing to poor management. The primary industry which had relatively economical weaknesses have a more difficult time than others. In this circumstance, each cooperative was poored by reckless management, their credit business came to impasse. To get over a difficulty, the government initiated a cooperative reform that integrates into the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, the National Livestock Cooperative Federation, and the ginseng cooperative for efficiency of the system. But, in the forestry cooperative, the government make it to the National Forestry Cooperative Federation which was more marked a public service institution than a cooperative, considering speciality to forestry and profitable period.

A final goal of cooperative economic activity should focus on a harmonious society growth. Cooperatives in Europe and U.S.A are developing the new management system integrated creative business model with social value and democratic system over profit-making enterprises. However, cooperatives in Korea have a difficult to find identity and directivity because cooperative history in Korea is shorter than other countries and they have no many experiences depending on the government.

In the same context, the National Forestry Cooperative Federation (NFCF) was established by the government under the necessity to overcome difficulties in the forestry. From 1960s to 1980s, the character of NFCF was more closed to a public institution than a cooperative. However, recently, the circumstance in the world market and in the forestry have changed rapidly to focus on the globalization and the liberalization required competitiveness and survival in the market. The system which depends on the government policy is faced with limitation to help business in the forestry, plan to the forestry projects. Meanwhile, cooperators' right are emphasized by democratization in NFCF and their various forestry management skill and technology go beyond the forestry policies to help the owners of a mountain and people engaged in forestry.

From now on, the government should be required the role that revise legal system and make infrastructure that the owners of a mountain and people engaged in forestry can have economic activities, focusing on forestry environment and market change. In terms of NFCF, for overcoming the limitation and enhancing the character of cooperative, NFCF should plan to help cooperators manage their works, make the base to get profits, and spread the effect to develop the forestry. In other words, NFCF should establish the identity of a cooperative and change a role to dedicate to social responsibility.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서 론 1
• 1.1. 연구의 목적 1
• 1.2. 연구범위 및 방법 3
• 2. 이론적 배경 4
• 2.1. 협동조합의 정의와 역할 4
• 2.1.1. 협동조합의 정의 4
• 2.1.2. 협동조합의 형태 6
• 2.1.3. 한국의 협동조합 8
• 2.2. 산림조합 11
• 2.3. 선행연구 분석 13
• 2.4. 연구의 분석틀 16
• 3. 산림조합의 변화 17
• 3.1. 시장환경의 변화 17
• 3.1.1. 임업의 현황 17
• 3.1.2. 임산자원의 시장환경 23
• 3.2. 정부정책의 변화 27
• 3.2.1. 광복이후의 산림정책과 산림조합(1949년~1960년) 27
• 3.2.2. 대한산림조합연합회의 설립(1961년~1973년) 29
• 3.2.3. 중앙회 조직의 확대(1973년~1980년) 32
• 3.2.4. 산림조합법제정 이후(1980년~1993년) 35
• 3.2.5. 임업협동조합의 출범(1993년~2000년) 39
• 3.2.6. 2000년대 이후 산림조합(2001년~) 43
• 3.3. 산림조합 사업의 변화 50
• 3.3.1. 일반사업(조림영림지도사업) 부문 50
• 3.3.2. 유통부문 52
• 3.3.3. 신용부문 54
• 4. 조직간 역할 관계의 변화와 방향 58
• 4.1. 정부와의 관계 58
• 4.1.1. 중앙정부의 역할 58
• 4.1.2. 지방정부의 역할 60
• 4.2. 조합구성원과의 관계 61
• 4.2.1. 협동조합의 역할 61
• 4.2.2. 조합원의 역할 65
• 5. 결론 68
• 5.1. 연구의 의의 68
• 5.1.1. 정책적 의의 68
• 5.1.2. 이론적 의의 69
• 5.2. 연구의 한계 70
• 참고문헌 72
• Abstract 75