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      한국 주택정책 변화 분석 : 역사적 제도주의 분석

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12868924

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      This study shows Korean housing policies have been changed or maintained by institutions which are behavior rules and formal or informal procedures based on the view of historical institutionalism. And also, This study determines what that housing institutional character is, how long the character is maintained, and how the changes of housing policies are restricted by the institution. Eventually, the purpose of this study is to explore the rules of korean housing policy changes and confirm the path dependency of housing policy changes. There are important factors, such as government ideology, and the structures of the industries and of the housing administration, and the relationships of actors, in which institutional characters are formed and maintained.
      In carrying out this study, Korean housing policies were divided by objectives such as, the controlling of real business cycle, the controlling of housing business cycle, and the improving of residences for people in the low-income bracket. The method of controlling the real business is subdivided into housing policy that attempts to activate the real estate business and housing policy that is designed to cool off the real business. And, the method of controlling the housing business is subdivided into housing policy that attempts to activate the housing business and housing policy that is designed to cool off the housing business.
      In the past, there was no definite distinction between housing policy for the real business and housing policy for housing business. However, in this research these two concepts of the real business and the housing business for housing policy are differentiated. This classification helps us to draw out the institutional characters which Korean housing policy is impacted by the real business.
      In order to analyze this issue historically, Korean housing policies are divided into four periods with distinct borders, these borders are the instances of the main three economic crises of the last half century. The first is the period before the second oil crisis of 1980. This period is called "the period of start of economic development and germination of housing policies”. The second period is the on from the second oil crisis to the IMF money crisis. This period is called "the period of continuing economic development and forming of housing policies". The third period is the period form the IMF money crisis to the subprime crisis. This period is called "the period of overcoming the economic crisis and the magnification of housing policies". Finally, there is the period from the subprime crisis to the present, which is called "the period of jumping from economic development and fixation of housing policies."
      The results of this research are as follows. First, Korean housing policy has changed in terms not only of the housing business but also in terms of the real business. Concretely, the three major economic crises were accompanied by a drop in the real business. and in the housing business; as a result, the government announced housing policy in order to activate the housing business and real business. It is observed the regularities of housing policies to increase supply and investment of houses in order to revitalize real economy as well as house demand expanding to revitalize the depressed state of the house market. From these regularities, one of main characteristics of korean housing institution is a tool of adjusting the real business or the development of economy.
      The characteristic of housing institution as a method of adjusting the economy appeared in earnest from the second period. Especially in spite of the three times onset of economic crisis, there were no changes and only a continuing in housing institution in spite of critical juncture.
      Second, the formation and continuation of institutional characteristics are known to be effected by the following factors. The first factor is the industry structure, in which the Korean construction industry is seen to have a higher value than that of any other industry. For this reason, increasing the house supply and providing investment help to overcome any economic crisis are considered to be priorities. The second factor is the system of the housing administration is the Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs. However, it is possible for the Ministry of Strategy and Finance to intervene in many aspects of housing policy. For example, the Economic Planning Board had the right to adjust and to determine the overall planning and policies. It had the right to determine budget allocation for revenue and annual expenditure, and to set financial policies, and tax policy as it is related to housing. When financial crises came, these ministries exercised the power to control the housing policy for revitalizing economic with sacrificing other values, including the stabilization of people's housing. Also, the Economic Planning Board had the strong power and right to attempt to rapidly develop the Korean economy during the 1960s and 1970s. This historical heritage continues to the present.
      The third factor is the nature of the relationship between these actors. The rapid development of Korea brought about urbanization. As a result, in Seoul and the metropolitan area, the housing market was caught in a condition of absolute shortage. In these circumstances, because the government has no competence in affecting the supply of houses or direct supply such as a public rental house, the Korean government gave more benefits to construction companies and entrusted house supply to those construction companies. Due to this position of the government, the housing supply system was set up for builders rather than for consumers. The fourth factor is ideology, which the Korean government considered to be a top priority for economic development in the 1960s and 1970s. The last factor is the resources for the housing budget. The Korean government did not have a very large budget for the housing administration. Because of budget constraints, the Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs was not able to promote an affirmative house supply.
      Third, therefore, housing policy as subclass of economic policy worked when economic crises occurred. Also, it was considered natural to regard housing policy as a tool of economic development. Korean housing policy has the characteristics which the means to stimulate recovery after financial crises rather than to promote a stable housing market. In addition, these institutional characteristics have constrained change of housing policy. The critical junctures have appeared to be the three economic crises however, what we found was that these economic crises ultimately did not result in changes in the system.
      On the other hand, housing policy used as a tool of economic development has the side effects. For example, a rapid increase of house price or obesity of construction industry. Eventually, rising housing prices will generate a bubble of housing assets and hinder the residence stability of people. Also, the massive size of the construction industry has constrained changes of the structure of the industry, even if the economic or industrial environment changes. These side effects have caused a kind of path dependency for house policy even when another economic crisis arrives, the same sorts of policy will be prescribed. In other words, if an institution is formed to meet certain functional requirements once, the institution will persist in spite of there being new functional requirements according to changes of the social environment.
      Institutions have properties that do not change frequently, but that can be changed. For example, incremental institutional change factors are cumulative and lead to ultimate changes or to critical punctures, which in turn lead to long-term stability after sudden changes. However, Korean housing policy has not changed its institutional character as a tool of economic development and a policy of control of the real economy has been formed. Nevertheless, in this study, we do not deny the possibility of housing policy change through institutional change we look for a housing policy that is not a tool of economic development, but one that advocates an improvement of housing stability.
      번역하기

      This study shows Korean housing policies have been changed or maintained by institutions which are behavior rules and formal or informal procedures based on the view of historical institutionalism. And also, This study determines what that housing ins...

      This study shows Korean housing policies have been changed or maintained by institutions which are behavior rules and formal or informal procedures based on the view of historical institutionalism. And also, This study determines what that housing institutional character is, how long the character is maintained, and how the changes of housing policies are restricted by the institution. Eventually, the purpose of this study is to explore the rules of korean housing policy changes and confirm the path dependency of housing policy changes. There are important factors, such as government ideology, and the structures of the industries and of the housing administration, and the relationships of actors, in which institutional characters are formed and maintained.
      In carrying out this study, Korean housing policies were divided by objectives such as, the controlling of real business cycle, the controlling of housing business cycle, and the improving of residences for people in the low-income bracket. The method of controlling the real business is subdivided into housing policy that attempts to activate the real estate business and housing policy that is designed to cool off the real business. And, the method of controlling the housing business is subdivided into housing policy that attempts to activate the housing business and housing policy that is designed to cool off the housing business.
      In the past, there was no definite distinction between housing policy for the real business and housing policy for housing business. However, in this research these two concepts of the real business and the housing business for housing policy are differentiated. This classification helps us to draw out the institutional characters which Korean housing policy is impacted by the real business.
      In order to analyze this issue historically, Korean housing policies are divided into four periods with distinct borders, these borders are the instances of the main three economic crises of the last half century. The first is the period before the second oil crisis of 1980. This period is called "the period of start of economic development and germination of housing policies”. The second period is the on from the second oil crisis to the IMF money crisis. This period is called "the period of continuing economic development and forming of housing policies". The third period is the period form the IMF money crisis to the subprime crisis. This period is called "the period of overcoming the economic crisis and the magnification of housing policies". Finally, there is the period from the subprime crisis to the present, which is called "the period of jumping from economic development and fixation of housing policies."
      The results of this research are as follows. First, Korean housing policy has changed in terms not only of the housing business but also in terms of the real business. Concretely, the three major economic crises were accompanied by a drop in the real business. and in the housing business; as a result, the government announced housing policy in order to activate the housing business and real business. It is observed the regularities of housing policies to increase supply and investment of houses in order to revitalize real economy as well as house demand expanding to revitalize the depressed state of the house market. From these regularities, one of main characteristics of korean housing institution is a tool of adjusting the real business or the development of economy.
      The characteristic of housing institution as a method of adjusting the economy appeared in earnest from the second period. Especially in spite of the three times onset of economic crisis, there were no changes and only a continuing in housing institution in spite of critical juncture.
      Second, the formation and continuation of institutional characteristics are known to be effected by the following factors. The first factor is the industry structure, in which the Korean construction industry is seen to have a higher value than that of any other industry. For this reason, increasing the house supply and providing investment help to overcome any economic crisis are considered to be priorities. The second factor is the system of the housing administration is the Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs. However, it is possible for the Ministry of Strategy and Finance to intervene in many aspects of housing policy. For example, the Economic Planning Board had the right to adjust and to determine the overall planning and policies. It had the right to determine budget allocation for revenue and annual expenditure, and to set financial policies, and tax policy as it is related to housing. When financial crises came, these ministries exercised the power to control the housing policy for revitalizing economic with sacrificing other values, including the stabilization of people's housing. Also, the Economic Planning Board had the strong power and right to attempt to rapidly develop the Korean economy during the 1960s and 1970s. This historical heritage continues to the present.
      The third factor is the nature of the relationship between these actors. The rapid development of Korea brought about urbanization. As a result, in Seoul and the metropolitan area, the housing market was caught in a condition of absolute shortage. In these circumstances, because the government has no competence in affecting the supply of houses or direct supply such as a public rental house, the Korean government gave more benefits to construction companies and entrusted house supply to those construction companies. Due to this position of the government, the housing supply system was set up for builders rather than for consumers. The fourth factor is ideology, which the Korean government considered to be a top priority for economic development in the 1960s and 1970s. The last factor is the resources for the housing budget. The Korean government did not have a very large budget for the housing administration. Because of budget constraints, the Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs was not able to promote an affirmative house supply.
      Third, therefore, housing policy as subclass of economic policy worked when economic crises occurred. Also, it was considered natural to regard housing policy as a tool of economic development. Korean housing policy has the characteristics which the means to stimulate recovery after financial crises rather than to promote a stable housing market. In addition, these institutional characteristics have constrained change of housing policy. The critical junctures have appeared to be the three economic crises however, what we found was that these economic crises ultimately did not result in changes in the system.
      On the other hand, housing policy used as a tool of economic development has the side effects. For example, a rapid increase of house price or obesity of construction industry. Eventually, rising housing prices will generate a bubble of housing assets and hinder the residence stability of people. Also, the massive size of the construction industry has constrained changes of the structure of the industry, even if the economic or industrial environment changes. These side effects have caused a kind of path dependency for house policy even when another economic crisis arrives, the same sorts of policy will be prescribed. In other words, if an institution is formed to meet certain functional requirements once, the institution will persist in spite of there being new functional requirements according to changes of the social environment.
      Institutions have properties that do not change frequently, but that can be changed. For example, incremental institutional change factors are cumulative and lead to ultimate changes or to critical punctures, which in turn lead to long-term stability after sudden changes. However, Korean housing policy has not changed its institutional character as a tool of economic development and a policy of control of the real economy has been formed. Nevertheless, in this study, we do not deny the possibility of housing policy change through institutional change we look for a housing policy that is not a tool of economic development, but one that advocates an improvement of housing stability.

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • 제 1 장 서 론
      • 제 1 절 문제제기와 연구의 필요성 1
      • 1. 문제제기 1
      • 2. 연구의 필요성 5
      • 제 2 절 연구목적과 연구질문 7
      • 제 1 장 서 론
      • 제 1 절 문제제기와 연구의 필요성 1
      • 1. 문제제기 1
      • 2. 연구의 필요성 5
      • 제 2 절 연구목적과 연구질문 7
      • 1. 연구목적 8
      • 2. 연구질문 9
      • 제 2 장 선행연구 및 이론 검토
      • 제 1 절 주택정책에 대한 선행연구 및 이론 검토 12
      • 1. 주택의 개념 및 기능 12
      • 1) 주택의 개념과 속성 12
      • 2) 주택의 기능 14
      • 2. 주택문제와 주택정책 15
      • 1) 주택문제와 정부의 주택시장 개입 15
      • 2) 주택정책 18
      • (1) 주택의 개념정의에 따른 주택정책 18
      • ①경제재로서의 주택과 주택정책 18
      • ②사회재로서의 주택과 주택정책 19
      • (2) 주택정책의 철학과 이념 20
      • 3) 우리나라의 주택정책 목표 23
      • 3. 주택정책 연구에 대한 고찰 27
      • 1) 주택가격 및 경기변동에 대한 연구 28
      • 2) 주택정책효과 및 정책방향에 대한 연구 31
      • 3) 기타 주택정책에 대한 연구 35
      • (1) 정책이념 및 패러다임에 대한 연구 35
      • (2) 제도에 대한 연구 37
      • 4) 본 연구의 의미 38
      • 제 2 절 역사적 제도주의에 관한 이론적 고찰 39
      • 1. 신제도주의와 역사적 제도주의 39
      • 2. 역사적 제도주의에서 보는 제도의 개념과 의미 42
      • 3. 역사적 제도주의의 주요 내용 46
      • 1) 역사와 제도적 맥락의 강조 46
      • 2) 제도와 행위자와의 관계 47
      • 3) 권력의 불균형적 관계 49
      • 4) 제도와 정책과의 관계 49
      • 4. 역사적 제도주의에서 보는 제도 변화의 형태 51
      • 1) 경로의존 51
      • 2) 단절적 균형적 변화 54
      • 3) 제도의 갈등과 균열 55
      • 5. 역사적 제도주의를 적용한 연구사례 56
      • 6. 역사적 제도주의 관점에서 본 주택정책 변화 요인 모색 62
      • 제 3 장 분석모형의 구성
      • 제 1 절 연구범위 및 방법 64
      • 1. 연구범위 64
      • 2. 연구방법 67
      • 제 2 절 주택정책 변화의 분석 변수 69
      • 1. 환경 69
      • 1) 경제환경 70
      • (1) 주택경기 및 실물경기 변동 70
      • (2) 경제발전 수준 71
      • 2) 주거환경 : 주택보급수준 71
      • 2. 제도영향 요인 72
      • 1) 통치이념 72
      • 2) 구조 73
      • (1) 산업구조 73
      • (2) 주택행정구조 75
      • 3) 자원 : 주택관련 예산 75
      • 4) 행위자간의 관계 76
      • (1) 정부 76
      • (2) 주택구매자 77
      • (3) 건설업자 80
      • 제 3 절 주택정책 변화요인의 분석모형 81
      • 제 4 장 한국의 주택정책 구분
      • 제 1 절 선행연구에서의 주택정책 구분 85
      • 제 2 절 본 연구에서의 주택정책 구분 87
      • 1. 정책수단에 따른 목적별 구분 87
      • 1) 주택정책 수단 87
      • (1) 세금 및 금융 87
      • ①세금 87
      • ②금융 90
      • (2) 토지거래 및 주택거래 90
      • ①토지거래 관련 91
      • ②주택거래 관련 94
      • (3) 공급조절 97
      • (4) 토지공개념 관련 98
      • (5) 시장투명화 관련 99
      •  2) 주택정책의 목적별 구분 101
      • (1) 주택경기조절 102
      • ①주택경기 억제책 103
      • ②주택경기 활성책 106
      • (2) 실물경기조절 108
      • ①실물경기 활성책 : 주택공급 및 투자 확대 109
      • ②실물경기 억제책 : 주택공급 및 투자 축소 110
      • (3) 서민주거안정정책 111
      • 2. 경기변화에 따른 주택정책의 시기별 구분 113
      • 1) 주택경기 및 실물경기 변화 113
      • (1) 주택경기 변화 113
      • (2) 실물경기 변화 115
      • 2) 주택경기 및 실물경기 변화에 따른 주택정책 변화 117
      • (1) 주택경기 상승과 실물경기 상승 118
      • (2) 주택경기 하락과 실물경기 상승 119
      • (3) 주택경기 상승과 실물경기 하락 119
      • (4) 주택경기 하락과 실물경기 하락 120
      • 3) 주택정책 변화의 제도적 특성 도출 121
      • 4) 주택정책의 시기별 구분 122
      • (1) 제1기 : 경제발전 추진과 주택정책 발아기(1945년~1980년) 122
      • (2) 제2기 : 경제발전 연속과 주택정책 형성기(1980년~1996년) 123
      • (3) 제3기 : 경제위기 극복과 주택정책 확대기(1997년~2006년) 125
      • (4) 제4기 : 경제발전 도약과 주택정책 고착기(2007년~2011년) 127
      • 제 5 장 역사적 제도주의 관점에서 본 주택정책
      • 변화 분석
      • 제 1 절 1기: 경제발전 추진과 주택정책 발아기 129
      • 1. 주택정책 변화와 지속 129
      • 1) 연도별 주택정책 129
      • 2) 주택제도의 주택정책 변화 제약 136
      • (1) 경제발전 수단으로서의 주택정책 136
      • (2) 주거안정을 위한 서민주거안정정책 136
      • 2. 환경변화 139
      • 1) 경제환경 : 경제발전 추진 139
      • 2) 주거환경 : 도시화의 시작 141
      • 3. 제도영향 요인 143
      • 1) 통치이념 : 발전 및 개발주의의 등장과 형성 143
      • 2) 구조 148
      • (1) 산업구조 : 건설산업의 태동 148
      • (2) 주택행정구조 151
      • ①전후 복구와 주택행정기구의 형성(해방 후~ ’61년까지) 151
      • ②경제개발과 경제기획원, 건설부의 등장(’61년~’79년) 153
      • 3) 자원 : 주택관련 예산 157
      • 4) 행위자간 관계 159
      • (1) 정부와 국민과의 관계 159
      • (2) 정부와 건설업자간의 관계 161
      • 4. 소결 163
      • 제 2 절 2기: 경제발전 연속과 주택정책 형성기 167
      • 1. 주택정책 변화와 지속 167
      • 1) 연도별 주택정책 167
      • 2) 주택제도의 주택정책 변화 제약 177
      • (1) 경제발전 수단으로서의 주택정책 177
      • ①경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 실물경기 활성책 177
      • ②경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 주택경기 활성책 178
      • (2) 주거안정을 위한 주택정책 180
      • 2. 환경 변화 186
      • 1) 경제환경 : 경제발전 연속과 경기변동 186
      • 2) 주거환경 : 주택공급 확대 188
      • 3. 제도영향 요인 191
      • 1) 통치이념 : 발전 및 개발주의의 지속과 민주적 가치의 등장 191
      • 2) 구조 193
      • (1) 산업구조 193
      • (2) 주택행정구조 198
      • ①제5공화국 198
      • ②제6공화국 202
      • ③문민정부 205
      • 3) 자원 : 주택관련 예산 209
      • 4) 행위자간 관계 210
      • (1) 정부와 주택구매자와의 관계 210
      • (2) 정부와 건설업자와의 관계 213
      • 4. 소결 216
      • 제 3 절 3기: 경제위기 극복과 주택정책 확대기 220
      • 1. 주택정책 변화와 지속 220
      • 1) 연도별 주택정책 220
      • 2) 주택제도의 정책변화 제약 232
      • (1) 경제발전 수단으로서의 주택정책 232
      • ①경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 실물경기 활성책 233
      • ②경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 주택경기 활성책 237
      • (2) 주거안정을 위한 서민주거안정정책 240
      • 2. 환경 변화 246
      • 1) 경제환경 : 경제위기 극복과 주택가격 상승 248
      • 2) 주거환경 : 주택보급 100% 달성 250
      • 3. 제도영향 요인 250
      • 1) 통치이념 : 신자유주의의 등장과 유연적 발전국가로의 전환 250
      • 2) 구조 255
      • (1) 산업구조 255
      • (2) 주택행정구조 : 주택행정 기관의 형성과 대두 259
      • ①국민의 정부 260
      • ②참여정부 265
      • 3) 자원 : 주택관련 예산 267
      • 4) 행위자간 관계 268
      • (1) 정부와 국민과의 관계 268
      • ①정부의 경기변화에 따른 비일관적 대처 268
      • ②국민의 투기심리 생성 270
      • (2) 정부와 건설업자와의 관계 271
      • 4. 소결 273
      • 제 4 절 4기: 경제발전 도약과 주택정책 고착기 276
      • 1. 주택정책 변화와 지속 276
      • 1) 연도별 주택정책 276
      • 2) 주택제도의 정책변화 제약 281
      • (1) 경제발전 수단으로서의 주택정책 281
      • ①경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 실물경기 활성책 281
      • ②경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 주택경기 활성책 284
      • (2) 주거안정을 위한 서민주거안정정책 285
      • 2. 환경 변화 289
      • 1) 경제환경 : 경제발전 도약 289
      • 2) 주거환경 : 주거복지 확대 290
      • 3. 제도영향 요인 294
      • 1) 통치이념 : 신개발주의 또는 규제국가, 복지국가로의 이행 294
      • 2) 구조 297
      • (1) 산업구조 297
      • (2) 주택행정구조 : 임대주택 담당기관 확대 299
      • 3) 자원 : 주택관련 예산 301
      • 4) 행위자간 관계 303
      • (1) 정부와 국민과의 관계 303
      • (2) 정부와 건설업자간의 관계 304
      • 4. 소결 305
      • 제 5 절 주택정책의 경로의존성 308
      • 1. 제도와 제도영향요인의 상호작용 308
      • 1) 제도와 통치이념 308
      • (1) 통치이념의 변화 308
      • (2) 발전 및 개발주의 이념 실현을 위한 제도 변화의 제약 310
      • 2) 제도와 산업구조 312
      • (1) 산업구조의 변화 312
      • (2) 건설산업의 비대화와 건설산업 유지 위한 제도 변화의 제약 322
      • 3) 제도와 주택행정구조 323
      • (1) 주택행정구조의 변화 323
      • ①경제부처의 지속적인 권력 강화 323
      • ②주거복지담당 기구 확대 329
      • (2) 경제부처의 지속적인 권력강화와 제도 변화의 제약 334
      • 4) 제도와 자원 336
      • (1) 자원 변화 336
      • (2) 주택자원 확충을 통한 주택예산 증가 337
      • 5) 제도와 행위자간 관계 338
      • (1) 제도와 행위자간 관계의 변화 338
      • ①정부와 주택구매자 338
      • ②정부와 건설업자 340
      • (2) 행위자간 관계와 제도 변화 제약 341
      • 2. 주택정책의 경로의존성 341
      • 1) 경제발전 수단으로서의 주택정책 341
      • (1) 경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 실물경기 활성책 341
      • ①주택정책의 경로의존성 343
      • ②제도의 주택정책 변화 제약 347
      • 가. 정책변화의 제약과 주택 미분양 양산 347
      • 나. 정책변화 제약에 따른 부작용 349
      • 다. 주택정책 변화에 대한 의의 351
      • (2) 경제발전과 경제위기 극복을 위한 주택경기 활성책 353
      • ①주택정책의 경로의존성 354
      • ②제도의 주택정책 변화 제약 356
      • 가. 정책변화의 제약과 수요의 과잉확대 356
      • 나. 정책변화 제약에 따른 부작용 356
      • (3) 주택정책 변화에 대한 의의 358
      • 2) 주거안정을 위한 주택정책 361
      • (1) 주거안정을 위한 서민주거안정정책 364
      • (2) 주택정책 변화에 대한 의의 364
      • 3. 주택정책의 경로의존성에 대한 시사점 365
      • 1) 2기 : 경제발전 연속과 주택정책 형성기 367
      • 2) 3기 : 경제위기 극복과 주택정책 확대기 367
      • 3) 4기 : 경제발전 도약과 주택정책 고착기 368
      • 제 6 장 결론
      • 제 1 절 연구의 요약 373
      • 제 2 절 연구의 의의 및 한계 379
      • 1. 연구의 의의 379
      • 2. 연구의 한계 381
      • 참고문헌 383
      • Abstract 405
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