Recently as per the change of population structure and household structure, one-person household is growing in Korean society. But as the housing policy did not fully adopt the characteristics of residents, life-zone, age, economic conditions, and oth...
Recently as per the change of population structure and household structure, one-person household is growing in Korean society. But as the housing policy did not fully adopt the characteristics of residents, life-zone, age, economic conditions, and others, it could not fulfil various housing desires. Recently Seoul Municipal Governemnt announced a plan to provide public one-room rent house, around railway station sphere for one person household, like college student or elderly one. As this policy, providing small size rent house, should be prepared based on the consideration of various characteristics of consumers, it is necessary to investigate housing conditions and characteristics of one-person household around railway station sphere.
In this study the actual household condition of one person household, living around Gunja Station sphere, where small detached houses and houses for multiple household are concentrated, has been surveyed, and the inter-relationship among the characteristics of sociology of population, housing and satisfaction level of pollees has been investigated. Based on these results the housing circumstance of one person household has been estimated, the demand based this category has been forecasted, and the policy, to cope with, has been proposed.
The survey was made for data collection, using quota sampling method to improve representative nature, and total 100 questionnaires, categorized by regional difference and monthly rental fee, have been analyses.
The result and its implications of this study are as follows.
First, the monthly rental was over 30% of income from more than 1/3 of pollees, and even over 50% of income from 14.7% of pollees. The rate, feeling burden for rental, was two times higher from one person household than multi person household, so the policy to reduce rental, that is excessive burden to them, is necessary.
Second, the average length of residence of pollees was 18.7 months, so more frequent house rambling than ordinary household. It was proved that the house rambling of lower income group is higher than the other group according to the higher response rate for house moving plan within 2 years from lower income group. Furthermore it was proved that lower income group made residential movement plan involuntarily, because of economic reasons from 20's and 30's, to increase house space from 40's, so this implements that the institutional support is necessary for the residential stability for this group.
Third, as the income and rental level is lower and the residential space is less, their living space is less than the minimum area, and satisfaction level for in-house structure is lower. Also the rate of living at Gosiwon is higher from 20's and over 40's. As residential condition of this group is unstable and easy to get worse because of unstable job position and lower economic status, it is necessary to set residential safety net.
Fourth, majority of pollees were living in one-room, average space of 22.2㎡. But the most popular type and space of residence they want is two-room with spcae of 33-50㎡, so they want to upgrade their residence.
Fifth, the type of rent was monthly rent from most of pollees, and their income and average key-money for rent or charter is lower than ordinary household. This is understood that the portion of monthly rental is high and key money is lower as most of one person household are not economically stable, so they prefer monthly rent because of low key-money, no need of lump sum.
Sixth, most of pollees did not have a car, and the frequency of utilizing car was pretty lower than ordinary household, so it is necessary for this group to live in the area where public transport system is well developed, like railway station sphere.
Seventh, according to the survey result of influencing factors for residential satisfaction, the satisfaction level of inside structure, house performance and outside environment were higher as per rental level is high. And economic satisfaction level was higher as per high income and low rental.
The following directions of political side can be proposed based these study result and implements.
First, the expansionary policy of supplying small size public rent house for low income one person household is necessary. According to the construction statistics of public rent house, the rate with space area less than 35㎡ was only 7.5% of total public rent house, so the supply of ultra small size rent house is relatively lower. By high density and complex development, the supply of various space size rent house for low income one person household should be expanded.
Second, as per the characteristics of one person household the rent house should be located at the area, where public transport system is well developed, like railway station sphere, but it is not easy because of very high land price and lack of available land space. As an alternative the existing detached and semi-detached house as well as officetel in existing residential area can be supplied as a rent house after purchasing it. This purchased rent house is located at around the life-zone of potential residents, so this would be a suitable policy for one person household, necessary to locate where public transport is well developed.
Third, by introduce rental supporting system, the burden of housing expense of low income one person household should be reduced, and let them upgrade residence by moving. This system can help the consumer can chose suitable residence at required location, so well matched with the locational characteristic of one person household, strong tendency of journey-to-work distance.
Fourth, as the solo householder less than 35 years old is not eligible for charter key money loan, this is an unfavourable factor to solo householder of 20's-30's in house rent. In the future, considering fairness, this group should be allowed to get low interest loan for charter key money.
Last, the residence