The success of our democratic system rests on the active participation of a politically educated citizenry. For this reason, it is important that youth develop positive attitudes toward our political system and the requisite participatory skills which...
The success of our democratic system rests on the active participation of a politically educated citizenry. For this reason, it is important that youth develop positive attitudes toward our political system and the requisite participatory skills which will enable them to perform their duties as citizens. Compared to other factors such as family, media, and peer group, school is an important agent for transmitting political information to youth. Students learn political knowledge and attitudes not only through the formal curriculum but also through the hidden curriculum of their school life. While political knowledge gains are most effectively produced through direct instructional means, classroom and school climates are more important in effecting change and growth in democratic values and attitudes. Thus, democratic classroom climate, which can be seen as the hidden curriculum, can affect political attitudes of high school students.
Based on a review of literature on classroom climate, this research suggests an operational definition of democratic classroom climate as a set of conditions that support the development of democratic citizenship outcomes. These conditions are: free expression, respect for diverse viewpoints, and student involvement in social studies class. Through democratic classroom climate, members of the classroom experience their opinions being respected and learn to respect others’ opinions. Continuous exposure to the democratic classroom climate helps the members of the classroom develop democratic values and positive political attitudes.
This study aims to explore the effects of democratic classroom climate in social studies on the political attitudes of high school students.
The following research questions are examined:
The research question: Does democratic classroom climate in social studies affect the political attitudes of high school students? There were two specific research hypotheses related this research question:
<1-1> The democratic classroom climate in social studies will affect the political efficacy of high school students.
<1-2> The democratic classroom climate in social studies will affect the political trust of high school students.
In order to study the research questions, survey were administered to students of 8 high schools in Seoul. Results from a total of 618 participants were included in the analysis. The following results were found:
Firstly, the results supported the hypothesis that democratic classroom climate in social studies had a significant effect (p<.001) on the political efficacy of high school students.
Secondly, the results supported the hypothesis that democratic classroom climate in social studies had a significant effect (p<.01) on the political trust of high school students.
The findings are significant in political education in that it proved the effects of democratic classroom climate on the political attitudes of high school students.
The results of the study are significant from the following perspectives.
Firstly, the study presented the future direction of the issue-centered instruction in social studies in regards to the development of political attitudes. In order to develop positive political attitudes, it is required to establish a democratic classroom climate for the discussion of controversial issues.
Secondly, the study identified that teachers have a substantial impact on the political socialization of youth. The teachers make classroom climate through the interaction with students. This research found that when social studies teachers are interested in students’ ideas about politics and encourage students to express their opinions freely, youth develop positive political attitudes.
Thirdly, it is important for social studies educators create democratic classroom climate in which students have an opportunity to engage freely in making suggestions for structuring the classroom environment. When students involve in classroom discussions and regard themselves as efficacious community members, they develop more democratic attitudes.