This study is about actual condition of management in Jeonju public elementary school under the rule of Japanese Imperialism. Jeonju public elementary school was the public primary school in provincial office and the oldest school in Jeonju as well as...
This study is about actual condition of management in Jeonju public elementary school under the rule of Japanese Imperialism. Jeonju public elementary school was the public primary school in provincial office and the oldest school in Jeonju as well as Jeonllabuk-do. Even now, this school is located in the place where it was newly constructed before 1925, and represents the prestige of the elementary school in Jeonju.
This article described 󰡔The School History󰡕 and 󰡔The School Disenrollment Register󰡕 which is in Jeonju public elementary school. 󰡔The School History󰡕 contains the changes of development and history of the school besides students, teachers and the information of school property with main conditions every year. 󰡔The School Register󰡕 has the records on 76 of expelled students, which it was included birth date, year of admission and expulsion, period of attendance, address, parent's occupation, reason of expulsion, scholastic ability before admission of students and so on.
The data was classified as 1st Korean Education Age[1911-1922] and 2nd Korean Education Age[1922-1938] depending on the policies of the education of the Japanese.
The aim of education in the 1st Korean Education Age was to foster a citizen which had loyalty and honesty through a proper education for the current situation and standards of the people. For this purpose, it was tried to spread the primary education and propagandize the typical education under the Rule of Japanese Imperialism to build at Namchanggi, which was the southern warehouse of Jeolla-Gamyoung, and appoint the regional leaders to the member of Educational Affairs.
However, it was intended that korean citizen paid the cost of these works. So it was enacted "the Cost Plan for Public Elementary School" that slimed down the public purse besides government subsidy and collected a part of poll tax, house tax, land tax on allotment. Due to the expansion of more primary schools, the school teaching staff lacked and were covered with staff who were trained in the short term and temporary education. The teachers were 22 Hoondo(formal staff), 14 Bu-Hoondo, totally 49 in the 1906-1922.
In particular, the Japanese teachers were appointed to the vice principal by "the Revision of Public Elementary School", and charged of the leading members to keep the colonial education system in the school. They were the influx of the population or part of the member of them from Kyushu including the southwestern region of the Japan Archpelago through Immigration of Japanese encouraged by Japan Government or the agricultural immigration of the Oriental Development Company and so on.
Students enrolled at the age of 10 years and almost of them studied in Seodang(a kind of traditional primary school) before that. In 1908, the Governor and members of Educational Affairs encouraged to admission of the elementary school, so the most were students whose father worked as government officials enrolled. The reason of a steady increase in students whose parents were engaged in commerce was the location of the school which was at the commercial core. Furthermore, it was related that almost 50 percent of the number of occupation per household were charged of commerce, government affairs and liberal profession.
There were some changes of the education system as the "Universal Benevolence" in the 2nd Korean Education Age, but the purpose of education was same as before. It was arranged to organize the School Council with the regional leaders and prepare financial resources for the moving construction of the school.
The teachers under the Rule of Japanese Imperialism were modernly educated intellectuals as the members of the Japanese Government-General bureaucracy of Korea. Even though a stable salary each month and retiring allowance, the turnover rate reached almost 41 percent, due to the lack of knowing teacher, hardships of life, work burden and so on, except transference and joining the army.
It has been the competition for admission since the 1920s and recorded over 2.2:1 in 1923. Admission tended to be between 7 to 8 years of age and 10 years for the oldest.
The average age of the expelled students was 14 years old and the average period of their attendance was 24.6 months. The reason of expulsion was poverty, dropping out of school and transfer to another school, but the majority were able to interpret poverty due to economic reasons. They lived in the territory of Jeonju-Buseong or not so far this area, and were children whose parents were engaged in agriculture and commerce.
Meanwhile, the average proportion of the graduates involved in the housework was 56 percent after graduation, one out of two of them didn't have a job. In this circumstances, 40.6 percent of graduates attended an advanced school, including a vocational school besides an agricultural school which showed the rising employment rates and a teacher-training institution.
This research has significance to restore the case of the local history in modern and comtemporary age by analyzing from the basic data such as the background and course of establishing the school and its management to the series of process including from the entrance to the graduation of students.