초등학생의 공감능력, 친사회적 행동 및 행복감의 관계

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the empathic ability, prosocial behaviors and a feeling of happiness of elementary school students. Also in this study, it was examined whether prosocial behaviors mediated the relationship between empathic ability and a feeling of happiness.
This research was performed by 431 students who were in 4th and 6th grade in an elementary school in Daejeon. The instruments used for this study were what Sung-hee Park(1997) had implemented the international reactivity index: IRI(based on the theory of Davis) and empathic awakening(based on the theory of Bryant)and what Ji-eun Bae(2008) had modified the questionnaire of children's prosocial behaviors(based on theory of Sun-hwa Lee(1999) and what Jung-hwa Lee(2005) had invented about happiness questionnaire for elementary school students.

The results of this study were as follows:
First, there were significant gaps in empathic ability, prosocial behaviors and a feeling of happiness according to grade and gender. 4th graders showed more higher average marks in each variable than 6th graders. Also the girls outdid the boys in all variables.
Second, there was a significant positive correlation between the empathic ability and prosocial behaviors of the elementary schoolers. Empathic ability had a significant positive correlation to every prosocial behaviors subfactor involving helping, sharing, cooperating and consolation.
Third, there was a significant positive correlation between the empathic ability and a feeling of happiness of the elementary schoolers. Ego character, a subfactor of a feeling of happiness, was most related with empathic ability. Therefore, programs for positive ego character will have to be developed.
Fourth, there was a significant positive correlation between the prosocial behaviors and a feeling of happiness of the elementary schoolers. One subfactor of prosocial behaviors, helping was most related with a feeling of happiness. Therefore teachers will raise group members to feel happiness for an efficient cooperative learning in elementary school.
Fifth, it was found that prosocial behaviors mediated the effects of cognitive empathy on a feeling of happiness. But to imagine about others' situations can affect decreasing a feeling of happiness when the prosocial behaviors mediated the relationship between empathic ability and a feeling of happiness. Therefore, empathic ability can contribute to a feeling of happiness by increasing prosocial behaviors.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 5
• 1. 공감능력 5
• 2. 친사회적 행동 12
• 3. 행복감 19
• 4. 공감능력, 친사회적 행동, 행복감 25
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 29
• 1. 연구대상 29
• 2. 측정도구 29
• 3. 자료처리 33
• Ⅳ. 결과 34
• 1. 학년에 따른 공감능력, 친사회적 행동, 행복감의 차이 34
• 2. 성별에 따른 공감능력, 친사회적 행동, 행복감의 차이 38
• 3. 공감능력과 친사회적 행동의 관계 42
• 4. 공감능력과 행복감의 관계 44
• 5. 행복감과 친사회적 행동의 관계 45
• 6. 공감능력의 행복감에 대한 영향에서 친사회적 행동의 매개효과 47
• Ⅴ. 논의 49
• 참고문헌 54
• ABSTRACT 60
• 부록 63