거래적 리더십 지각의 편차가 조직의 유효성에 미치는 영향

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 리더십 지각의 편차가 조직의 유효성에 미치는 영향을 연구함에 있어 조직공정성과 신뢰의 조절효과를 밝히는 것이다. 일반적으로 리더십에 대한 평가는 부하에 의한 리더의 평가이지만 본 연구에서는 리더 자신과 부하가 리더십에 대한 평가를 함으로 리더십 지각에 대한 편차를 확인하고, 이를 통하여 지각의 편차가 조직의 유효성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다.
이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 이론적인 배경을 고찰하고 실증 연구를 위하여 가설을 설정하고 회귀분석과 ANOVA를 활용하여 검증하였다. 가설의 검증을 위한 Data는 서울, 경기지역에 위치한 12개의 금융회사(보험회사) 154개의 팀에서 627부 설문지를 사용하였다.

연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 거래적 리더십에 대한 상사와 부하간의 지각의 편차를 확인하였다. 이 편차는 조직의유효성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 그 영향이 그리 크게 나타나지 않았다.
둘째, 거래적 리더십 지각의 편차가 조직의 유효성에 미치는 영향에서 조직 공정성에 의한 조절 효과는 부분적으로 영향이 있음을 확인하였다.
셋째, 거래적 리더십 지각의 편차가 조직의 유효성에 미치는 영향에서 신뢰에 의한 조절효과는 부분적인 영향이 있음을 확인하였다.
넷째, 거래적 리더십 지각의 편차가 조직의 유효성에 미치는 영향을 네 집단으로 분류해서 각각의 집단에 미치는 영향을 검증한 바, 전체적으로 영향이 있음을 확인하였다.

본 연구를 통해서 거래적 리더십이 조직의 유효성에 미치는 정(+)의 영향은 그리 크지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 조직의 공정성과 신뢰를 통한 조절효과의 검증에서는 조절효과의 변수들이 기존의 연구와는 다르게 부분적으로 영향이 있음이 확인되었는데, 특히 각각의 조절효과의 변수들이 조직시민행동과는 밀접한 관계가 있음이 확인되었지만 직무만족 및 조직몰입과는 관련이 없었다. 이러한 결과는 거래적 리더십의 경우 이미 확정된 보상은 조직 구성원에 의해서 더 이상 조직 유효성에 동기 유발 요인으로 작용하지 않는다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 리더십 지각의 편차를 통한 네 집단의 분류는 각각의 집단이 조직유효성의 변수에 미치는 영향력이 매우 일정하게 나타난 것을 알 수 있었다.
끝으로 결론부분에서 본 연구의 시사점 및 한계점을 논의하였으며, 이러한 한계점은 후속논문들의 지속적인 연구를 통해서 극복되어 질 것을 기대한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present research used Whittington and Coker’s(2009) “Transactional Leadership Revised; Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences” to examine effect of perceptional discrepancy in transactional leadership upon the organizational effectiveness such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational civil behavior. Leaders in 154 leaders-subordinate dyads(1:3.1) were used to fine existence of perceptional discrepancy
between leaders and subordinates, influence effectiveness to organizations.
This research used Regression and ANOVA as statistic method to examine perceptional discrepancy and difference of 4 groups.
Results of analysis are below; Hypothesis 1 is to examine effect of perceptional discrepancy in transactional
leadership upon the organizational effectiveness were found positive effects on organizational effectiveness. However, the degrees of effect upon the organizational
effectiveness were so weak.
Hypothesis 2 is to examine moderating effect of organizational justice and trust upon the organizational effectiveness were partly proved. All variation of Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are failed to prove moderation effect by organizational justice and trust. But organizational civil behavior are accepted by moderation effect.
Hypothesis 3 is to examine effect of perceptional discrepancy in transactional leadership upon the organizational effectiveness by 4 different groups. 154
leaders-subordinates dyads were classified as over-estimators, Under-estimators, in-agreement/poor, in-agreement/good based on the difference between leader’s
self-rating and subordinator’s rating of leader’s transactional leadership. Results of analysis of the hypothesis are proved.
Results of this study are significant for showing an importance of leader’s self-awareness based on the effect of leader-subordinate perception agreement as well as subordinate’s perception regarding leader’s transactional leadership in leader-subordinate dyads.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 배경과 목적 1
• 2. 연구의 방법 및 구성 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 5
• 1. 리더십 5
• 1.1 리더십의 개념 5
• 1.2 리더십 이론의 전개과정 7
• 1.3 변혁적 리더십과 거래적 리더십 15
• 1.4 리더십과 조직유효성과의 관계성 29
• 2. 리더십 지각의 편차 32
• 2.1 리더십 지각편차의 개념 32
• 2.2 리더십의 지각의 편차에 따른 유형 32
• 3. 조직유효성 35
• 3.1 직무만족 38
• 3.2 조직몰입 47
• 3.3 조직시민행동 49
• 4. 조직공정성 59
• 4.1 조직공정성의 개념과 관련이론 59
• 4.2 조직공정성에 관한 기존 연구 61
• 4.3 조직공정성의 유형 65
• 4.4 조직공정성과 조직 유효성과의 관계성 72
• 5. 신뢰 79
• 5.1 신뢰의 개념 80
• 5.2 신뢰의 발전과정 82
• 5.3 신뢰의 유형 82
• 5.4 조직 신뢰와 조직 유효성과의 관계성 84
• Ⅲ. 연구의 설계와 분석방법 86
• 1. 연구모형 86
• 2. 가설설정 89
• 3. 변수의 조작적 정의 91
• 3.1 거래적 리더십 91
• 3.2 조직유효성 91
• 3.3 조직공정성 93
• 3.4 신뢰 94
• 4. 연구방법 96
• 4.1 설문지 구성 96
• 4.2 자료의 수집 97
• 4.3 분석방법 97
• Ⅳ. 실증분석 100
• 1. 표본의 특성 100
• 2. 측정도구의 타당성과 신뢰성 검증 102
• 2.1 요인분석 102
• 2.2 신뢰도 분석 108
• 3. 변수들의 상관관계 109
• 4. 가설의 검증 110
• 4.1. 가설 1의 검증 110
• 4.2. 가설 2의 검증 114
• 4.3. 가설 3의 검증 129
• 5. 가설검증 종합 132
• Ⅴ. 결 론 135
• 1. 연구결과 요약 135
• 2. 연구의 시사점과 한계 137
• 2.1 연구의 시사점 137
• 2.2 연구의 한계와 연구방향 139
• 참고문헌 140
• 부 록 156
• (Abstract) 167

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