중장년층의 라이프스타일과 여가활동참여가 노후준비도 및 생활만족도에 미치는 영향 = Influence of the middle aged adults' life style and participation in leisure activities on the preparation of life in old age and life satisfaction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT

Influence of the Middle Aged Adults' Life Style and Participation in Leisure Activities on the Preparation of Life
in Old Age and Life Satisfaction

Choi, Hye-Leon
Department of sports and Leisure Studies
Graduate School
Korea University

This study is to investigate that the middle aged adults' life styles and participation in leisure activities have an impact on the preparedness of life in old age, and life satisfaction in old age. So the patterns of life styles, participation in leisure activities, preparedness of life in old age, and life satisfaction are all the factors in this study. The subjects of this study are the middle aged adults between 40 to 65 years old, who live in Seoul city, Yongin city, and Chungcheong Province. The sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling; 400 data were collected from the middle aged, and 200 data from the elderly. Questionnaires were reviewed by the experts, and were examined with the exploratory factor analysis to prove reliability and validity. The reliability of the measurement of the questionnaires was from .67 to .90, and was proved highly trustworthy. Cronbach's coefficient alphas were calculated to see the internal consistency. The data were recorded and analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 for descriptive information and AMOS 7.0 statistical computer packages for analyzing structural equation model. To answer the research questions, multiple linear regression analysis, covariance structural analysis, and analysis of variance were carried out.

With the above-mentioned research methods and procedures, the results are as follows: First, the demographic characteristics of the middle aged have an influence on life styles, participation in leisure activities, preparedness of life in old age, and life satisfaction. According to general demographic variables such as gender, a single or couple, religion, educational background, monthly income, and life styles are different. General demographic characteristics show that the middle aged most prefer health and sports-related activities generally in the perspective of leisure activities, and in reality it turns out that the middle aged's most favorite activities are health and sports-related activities too. As for the patterns of the middle aged's leisure activities, they most want to participate in leisure activities with their friends and acquaintances. The reason the middle aged don't participate in leisure activities is that they don't have enough time. Gender and marital status (single or couple) have a significant effect on the preparedness of life in old age like the general characteristics of the middle aged. The study shows that the general profiles of the middle aged such as gender, single or couple, educational background, and monthly income have a significant impact on the satisfaction of life in old age. The individual characters have turned out that they are important variables in the middle aged adults' life style, leisure activities, the preparedness of life in old age, and life satisfaction.

Secondly, life styles partly have a significant effect on leisure activities. The life styles of the middle aged- health-concerns, extrovert and challenge-loving have an impact on the frequency of leisure activities. The factor of extrovert personality-and-challenge pursuing only has an effect on intensity of leisure activities. The effect of the factors- health-concerns, extrovert and challenge-loving, family, religion, and volunteering, on the duration of leisure activities, increases in a subsequent order.

Thirdly, life styles partly have a significant effect on the preparedness of life in old age; the preparedness of physical conditions, of finance, of social life, and of leisure activities. The life styles such as health concerns, leisure activities, fellowship, have an influence on the preparedness of physical conditions in old age in a subsequent order. The life style of pursuing leisure activities only have a significant influence on the preparedness of finance in old age. The factors such as family, fellowship, leisure activities, have an influence on the preparedness of social life in old age in a subsequent order. The factors such as leisure activities, fellowship, extrovert and challenge-loving, a stable and affluent life, have an effect on the preparedness of leisure activities in old age in a subsequent order.

Fourth, the factors such as the preparedness of physical conditions, of finance, of social life, and of leisure activities, partly have a significant impact on the preparedness of leisure activities in old age. The frequency of leisure activities has an influence on the preparedness of physical conditions in old age. The frequency of leisure activities has a significant influence on the preparedness of finance in old age. The duration of leisure activities has an impact on the preparedness of social life. The frequency, and intensity of leisure activities have a significant impact on the preparedness of leisure activities in old age in a subsequent order.

Fifth, the preparedness of life in old age has an influence on life satisfaction in old age. The preparedness of social life, of leisure activities, of physical conditions, has a significant impact on life satisfaction in the perspective of physical conditions and functions in a subsequent order. The preparedness of social life, of leisure activities, and of physical conditions, has a significant impact on relationships in a subsequent order. The preparedness of social life only has an effect on emotional instability. The preparedness of social life, of physical conditions, of leisure activities, has a significant effect on self-esteem in a subsequent order. The preparedness of physical conditions, and of finance has a significant impact on life satisfaction in the perspective of physical conditions and functions in a subsequent order. The preparedness of leisure activities in old age only has a significant impact on relationships, economic life, and self-respect.

Sixth, the study shows that life styles, leisure activities, the preparedness of life in old age, and life satisfaction have much to do with cause-effect relationships with each other. Especially as for the life style factors such as active pursuit of health, of challenges, of religion, and of volunteering, people with the factors participate in leisure activities for a long time, and the factors also have an effect on the preparedness of life in old age. The more people prepare for life in old age, the more they find themselves satisfied with life in old age life.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구목적 4
• 3. 연구가설 5
• 4. 연구모형의 설계 6
• 5. 연구의 제한점 7
• 6. 용어의 정의 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 9
• 1. 중장년층에 대한 이해 9
• 2. 라이프스타일 12
• 1) 라이프스타일의 접근방법 및 유형분류 14
• 2) 중·장년 및 노인의 라이프스타일 특성 16
• 3) 선행연구 19
• 3. 노인여가 21
• 1) 노인 여가의 의미와 중요성 21
• 2) 우리나라 노인의 여가활동 실태 25
• 3) 선행연구 27
• 4. 노후 준비도 29
• 1) 중장년기 노후 준비의 필요성 29
• 2) 노후 준비 요인 30
• 5. 생활만족도 36
• 1) 생활만족도의 개념 및 이론 36
• 2) 선행연구 38
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 41
• 1. 연구대상 41
• 2. 측정도구 43
• 1) 설문지의 구성 43
• 2) 설문지의 타당도 및 신뢰도 44
• 3. 조사절차 50
• 4. 자료처리 51
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 52
• 1. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 라이프스타일, 여가참여, 노후준비도, 노후생활 만족도 차이 52
• 1) 라이프스타일 차이 52
• 2) 여가활동 참여 차이 54
• 3) 노후준비도 차이 61
• 4) 노후생활 만족도 차이 62
• 2. 라이프스타일, 여가활동, 노후준비도, 노후생활 만족도 간의 영향력 63
• 1) 라이프스타일이 여가활동참여에 미치는 영향 63
• 2) 라이프스타일이 노후준비도에 미치는 영향 65
• 3) 여가활동참여가 노후준비도에 미치는 영향 67
• 4) 노후준비도가 노후생활 만족도에 미치는 영향 68
• 3. 라이프스타일, 여가활동, 노후준비도, 노후생활 만족도의 인과관계
• 72
• 1) 모형적합도 72
• 2) 측정모형 간 효과검정 74
• Ⅴ. 논의 76
• 1. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 라이프스타일, 여가활동 참여, 노후준비도,
• 노후생활 만족도 관계 76
• 2. 라이프스타일에 따른 여가활동참여와의 관계 79
• 3. 라이프스타일에 따른 노후준비도와의 관계 80
• 4. 여가활동참여에 따른 노후준비도와의 관계 82
• 5. 노후준비도와 노후 생활만족도 관계 84
• 6. 라이프스타일, 여가활동, 노후준비도, 노후 생활만족도간의 인과관계 86
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 88
• 1. 결론 88
• 2. 제언 91
• 참고문헌 93
• 설문지 108