This study aims to build the substantive theory which examines the substance of social worker's professional identity and its construction process. It investigates the identity, being constructed through interacting with social work practice environme...
This study aims to build the substantive theory which examines the substance of social worker's professional identity and its construction process. It investigates the identity, being constructed through interacting with social work practice environment, from the perspective that the identity of social workers changes and reconstructs through the experience of social work practice. This study is based on the methodology of grounded theory and its research question is “what the professional identity of social workers is and how it constructs”.
The research participants are 10 social workers who graduated from university with a major in social work and had at least five years work experience. The data were collected through in-depth interviews during the period of May in 2010 to February in 2011. The data analysis follows the coding procedures from the grounded theory of Strauss & Corbin(1998). The major findings are as follows. The 149 concepts, 50 sub-categories, 14 categories were drawn from the open coding. In category analysis by paradigm, the causal condition is ‘choosing the career by personal experiences and a vague illusion’. The central phenomena is ‘enduring while dashing this way and rushing that’. The contextual conditions are ‘the education which provides basic foundation but lack of acquiring practical competences’, ‘the passion for social welfare’, and ‘running into realities which is different from the expectation’. The action/interaction strategies are ‘the acquisition of know-how’, ‘turning the corner while experiencing the burn-out ’, and ‘grappling with and seeking to the essence of social work professionalism’. Intervening conditions are ‘the constraints of social welfare environment’, ‘the harsh realities of the social work field’, and ‘the effort and stimulus for social work expertise’, The consequences are ‘the expanded identity construction of social work profession’, ‘the acquisition of maturity and mastery’, and ‘the dissolution into a part of life’.
The process of social worker's professional identity construction summarized in five phases, ‘the interests and choices’, ‘the normative identity injection’, ‘the illusion destruction due to realities’, ‘the struggle to adaptation’, and ‘the identity reconstruction’. The core category is “constructing the professional identity of social worker while considering the essence of social work professionalism and running against between the realities and ideals”. Also four categorical types derived as ‘the realistic adaptation and improvement’, ‘the efforts for developing and intensifying expertise’, ‘the contemplation of essential professional identity’ and ‘the seeking of radical professional identity’.
The construction of social worker's professional identity did not progress smoothly. There exist obstacles in social work field, which makes social workers frustrated and disappointed. However, social workers make an effort to overcome these difficulties and to find their appropriate role as a social worker. As a result of their efforts, social workers have an expanded perspective of social work profession identity. Social workers reconstruct social work profession identity with open-minded attitude and flexibility rather than narrow theirs into a very specific area.
The results of this study have meaning that it finds not only the interaction process of social worker's professional identity construction but also the conditions that influence its process. Also it develops substantive data for promoting professional development of social workers. Finally, this study suggests to new social work professional expertise and practice approach, proposes reorganization of social welfare education, and explains the limitations of the study, and adds to the suggestions of follow-up study.