가족의 생태학적 변인에 따른 유아의 행복감

국문 초록 (Abstract)

행복의 추구는 오래 전부터 지구상의 많은 국가들로부터 인간의 기본 권리로 법적인 보장을 받고 있는 영역이며, 범 교육 과정적 주제로 간주 되었다. 또한 가족의 생태학적 환경들은 유아의 심리 사회적 발달, 즉 자아개념, 태도, 가치관 및 정서 상태, 행복에 이르기까지 중대한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가족의 생태학적 변인과 부모가 인지하는 유아의 행복감에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 이에 따른 연구문제는 다음과 같다.

1) 부모가 인식하는 유아의 행복감은 어떠한가?
2) 유아의 배경변인에 따른 유아 행복감의 차이가 있는가?
3) 가족의 환경 위험 요인과 유아 행복감의 관계는 어떠한가?

본 연구의 대상은 서울시, 인천시, 부천시, 파주시, 천안시 소재 유치원·어린이집 7곳에 재원 중인 만 4,5세 유아의 부모 254명이다. 연구 도구로는 유아의 사회 정서 발달을 지원하는 부모나 양육자의 능력에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 유아 환경의 위험과 보호요소를 파악하도록 개발된 ESQ 환경 선별 질문지와 이은주(2010)가 유아의 행복을 측정하기 위해 개발한 유아 행복 측정도구를 사용하였다.
본 연구에 수집되는 자료는 대상 유아의 성별과 가족의 생태학적 변인 중 부모의 교육수준과 직업, 환경 위험요인에 따라 유아의 행복감의 차이를 알아보고자 t-검증과 F검증(ANOVA)을 실시하고, F검증인 경우 집단 간의 차이를 밝히기 위해 Duncan 추후 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 환경 위험요인과 유아의 행복감과의 관계를 알아보고자 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다.

연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 부모가 인지하는 유아의 행복감은 비교적 높게 나타나 긍정적인 편이었으며, 하위 영역별로는 건강이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로는 생활만족 영역, 부모관계 영역, 또래관계 영역, 교사관계 영역, 몰입 영역, 영성 영역, 인지 및 성취 영역, 정서 영역 등의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아의 성별에 따라 유아의 행복감은 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 부모의 학력과 직업에 따라서는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만, 유아의 행복감 하위 영역에서 부모의 학력과 아버지의 직업에 따라 몰입 영역과 영성 영역에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 가족의 환경 위험도에 따라 유아의 행복감은 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 유아의 행복감은 환경 위험 요인 중 교육과 건강행동, 가정, 지역사회와 통계적으로 유의미한 부적 상관을 보이는 것으로 나타나, 교육과 건강행동, 가정, 지역사회에서의 위험요인이 낮아질수록 유아의 행복감이 높아진다고 볼 수 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• ··················································································
• 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적
• ··························································
• 1
• 2. 연구문제
• ·············································································
• 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
• ·········································································
• 5
• 1. 행복
• ··················································································
• 5
• 1) 행복의 정의
• ·······································································
• 5
• 2) 행복의 역사
• ·······································································
• 9
• 2. 행복의 구성요인과 특성
• ··························································
• 17
• 3. 생태학적 접근
• ·····································································
• 32
• 4. 선행연구
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• 43
• Ⅲ. 연구방법
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• 48
• 1. 연구대상
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• 48
• 2. 연구도구
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• 50
• 3. 자료분석
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• 54
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 해석
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• 55
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론
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• 69
• 1. 요약 및 논의
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• 69
• 2. 결론 및 제언
• ·······································································
• 74
• 참고문헌
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• 76
• 부록
• ··························································································
• 92
• ABSTRACT
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• 99