The airline companies are getting larger in scale and specialized, and in order to improve strategic competitiveness, they give more concern in human resource management to secure and utilize human resource more effectively. Improving service producti...
The airline companies are getting larger in scale and specialized, and in order to improve strategic competitiveness, they give more concern in human resource management to secure and utilize human resource more effectively. Improving service productivity and customer royalty is essential in airline industry, and to achieve it, the role of employee, who is in contact with customer directly is crucial. Thus, the human resource management of flight attendant is very important.
This study is based on the existing studies of job value, job satisfaction, team commitments and service performance with purpose to define the influence of job value towards job satisfaction and team commitment. Also thru understanding and analysis of job satisfaction of flight attendant, study will define the influence of job satisfaction towards team commitment and service performance. Lastly, thru analysis of how team commitment influence service performance, it is purpose to define the practical implications of human resource management of flight attendant.
The questionnaire survey was made of flight attendants from 2 full service airlines. Total 400 questionnaires were distributed and 370 questionnaires were collected and after eliminating 21 questionnaires which had insincere replies and non-response error, 349 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. The items categorized in same factor through validity and reliability verification were used for empirical analysis and frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistic analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and simple regression analysis were used for data processing.
The following practical implications of this study were driven based on the verification result of hypothesis.
First of all, the influence of job value to job satisfaction was not identical to the previous studies but partial differ by parts as internal job value gave significant influence to job satisfaction but external job value gave minimum influence to job satisfaction.
Secondly, it is proved that all items of job value, both internal job value and external job value gave significant influence to team commitment.
Therefore the result of this study presented internal job value oriented human resource management system should be established for job satisfaction and team commitment of flight attendant. This internal job value, is significant to job value itself and job importance, should be regarded as an important factor to evaluate job attitude of candidates for new employee in airline industry.
As personal job value could be changed with the course of time, airline industry should maintain a management process to keep positive internal job value thru regular evaluation of flight attendant's job value. Also as the characteristic of internal job value itself have rewarding characteristic for working, it could increase motivation for job by giving more chance to have various and valuable jobs, so that job satisfaction and team commitment could be improved. For example, the DB of personal job value of flight attendant, made thru preliminary survey, could be useful to make personal program of job transfer, training and education by considering each flight attendant's characteristic.
The external job value give minimum influence to job satisfaction, this could be understood that flight attendant could be satisfied with job, if the condition is supportive to carry out the job with enthusiastic for the progress of organization though there may be inconvenience in economic and social factors. Thus, by supporting service environment and inducing interest in organization giving through education and communication, the job satisfaction can be improved. Therefore, the right way to utilize job value of flight attendant would be useful for effective management of employees.
Thirdly, The factors of job satisfaction, payment, promotion and working environment, were proved to give significant influence to team commitment, which means that the job satisfied flight attendant treat him/herself as team. Considering the organization of flight attendant, they are operated by team unit, put more reliability to value and target of team, active to achieve team record, spend time with team member even off-duty hours, so they are more committed to team than the company, unlike other organization. As the job satisfaction of flight attendant give influence to team commitment, effective to organization member's behavior control to achieve organization target, the airline industry could improve job satisfaction and organizational loyalty by internal marketing.
Fourthly, among sub-factors of job satisfaction only promotion gave significant influence to service performance, but not for payment and working environment. Though the promotion system of flight attendant is similar with other industry, promotion rate is low, comparing with other industry as well as other division. So most of flight attendants understand that there is a chance of promotion, but not fair, and this may affect to service performance negatively. In practice when the flight attendant of promotion assessment actively manage the praise and complaint, the parameter of service performance, also examine by team leader, the service performance has been improved.
As the payment of flight attendant is proportional to flight time, with upper limit of flight time and lower limit of leisure time, and working in airplane which is unique environment, it is understood that satisfaction or dissatisfaction to payment or working environment do not affect to service performance. Thus, to improve the service productivity and customer loyalty, the key point of airline industry, the prior thing to be settled is the satisfaction of flight attendant to promotion.
Lastly, team commitment affects the service performance. The flight attendants are working in team,