셀프리더십 프로그램이 초등학생의 셀프리더십 및 자아개념에 미치는 효과 = A Study on Effect of Self-Leadership Training on Elementary School Students' Level of Leadership and Self-concept

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 셀프리더십 프로그램의 적용이 초등학교 아동의 셀프리더십 수준 및 자아개념에 미치는 효과를 검증해보고 이를 교육 현장에 활용하는데 목적을 두었다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 이론적 배경과 선행연구를 근거로 다음과 같은 가설을 설정하였다.
가설1. 셀프리더십 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단은 참여하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 셀프리더십 수준이 유의미하게 향상될 것이다.
가설1-1. 셀프리더십 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단은 참여하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 셀프리더십의 행동전략, 보상전략, 사고전략 수준이 유의미하게 향상될 것이다.
가설2. 셀프리더십 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단은 참여하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 자아개념 수준이 유의미하게 향상될 것이다.
가설2-1. 셀프리더십 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단은 참여하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 자아개념의 학업적, 사회적, 정의적, 신체적 수준이 각각 유의미하게 향상될 것이다.
이러한 가설을 검증하기 위해 실험대상으로 부산광역시에 소재하는 H초등학교 4학년 두 학급을 선정, 한 학급을 실험대상으로 나머지 학급을 통제집단으로 선정하였다.
본 연구의 실험처치는 실험 집단에 7주간에 걸쳐 14차시의 셀프리더십 프로그램을 적용하였다. 실험의 효과를 검증하기 위해 셀프리더십 수준 검사는 이정자(2010)가 개발한 아동용 셀프리더십 검사를 사용하였고, 자아개념 검사는 정보헌(1991)이 제작한 초등학생용 자아개념 검사를 사용하였다. 실험처치 후 가설의 효과를 검증하기 위해 수집된 자료를 t 검증으로 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다.
첫째, 셀프리더십 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단(M=141.38)과 통제집단(M=123.86)의 셀프리더십 수준 평균 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(t=2.507, p<.05). 또한 하위 요인별 효과를 검증한 결과 행동전략(t=2.175, p<.05)과 보상전략(t=2.305, p<.05), 사고전략(t=2.049, p<.05) 세 영역 모두 실험집단과 통제집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.
둘째, 셀프리더십 프로그램의 적용은 초등학교 아동의 자아개념 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 셀프리더십 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단(M=196.67)과 통제집단(M=178.81)의 평균 간에 유의한 차이(t=2.032, p<.05)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 하위 요인별 효과 검증에서는 학업적 자아개념(t=.250, p>.05)과 신체적 자아개념(t=1.803, p>.05)은 실험집단과 통제집단에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 사회적 자아개념(t=2.309, p<.05)과 정의적 자아개념(t=2.355, p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다.
이러한 연구 결과에 따라 셀프리더십 프로그램은 초등학교 아동의 셀프리더십과 자아개념 향상에 효과가 있고 하위 요인인 행동전략, 보상전략, 사고전략과 사회적 자아개념, 정의적 자아개념 향상에 효과적이었다. 반면 자아개념의 하위 요인인 학업적 자아개념과 신체적 자아개념 향상에는 효과적이지 못하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구의 실험처치 기간이 짧고, 연구 대상에 한계가 있으므로 후속 연구에서는 실험처치 기간을 좀 더 장기화하고 연구 대상의 확대를 통하여 지속적이고 체계적으로 검증해 볼 필요가 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론························································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적···································································1
• 2. 연구 가설·················································································4
• 3. 용어의 정의··············································································5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경·············································································6
• 1. 셀프리더십················································································6
• 가. 셀프리더십의 개념···································································6
• 나. 셀프리더십의 구성요소······························································8
• 2. 자아개념 ················································································13
• 가. 자아개념의 정의····································································13
• 나. 자아개념의 구조····································································15
• 다. 초등학생의 자아개념 발달························································18
• Ⅲ. 연구방법················································································20
• 1. 연구대상·················································································20
• 2. 연구설계·················································································21
• 3. 검사도구·················································································22
• 4. 연구절차·················································································23
• 5. 프로그램의 구성과 내용·······························································24
• 6. 자료처리·················································································27
• Ⅳ. 연구결과················································································28
• 1. 셀프리더십 프로그램이 셀프리더십 수준 향상에 미친 영향·····················28
• 2. 셀프리더십 프로그램이 자아개념 향상에 미친 영향······························30
• V. 논의 및 결론··········································································32
• 1. 논의······················································································32
• 2. 결론 및 제언············································································34
• 참고문헌····················································································37
• [부록]························································································41
• [부록1] 셀프리더십 검사도구·····························································41
• [부록2] 자아개념 검사도구································································43
• [부록3] 셀프리더십 프로그램지도안······················································46
• [부록4] 셀프리더십 활동지································································64