The purpose of this paper is to investigate how achievement goal orientation of swimming participant affects to enjoyment and commitment. The ultimate goal will be to provide the basic database about swimming participant and promote the development of...
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how achievement goal orientation of swimming participant affects to enjoyment and commitment. The ultimate goal will be to provide the basic database about swimming participant and promote the development of sports for all.
To accomplish this purpose, we selected various hypothesis models and applied to the following methods and subjects of research.
First, adults aged 20 and above participating in swimming program were chosen for sampling. Data were gathered from a convenience sample of 380 members in sports centers located in Seoul. Finally, we used the valid sample of 350 persons for analysis.
In this study, demographic characteristics are composed of distinction of sex and age. The degree of participation are limited to time, period, frequency. Prediction factors consist of achievement goal orientation, enjoyment and commitment. Questionnaire for this research is made up of 5 questions : 2 for basic background feature, 3 for the degree of participation.
Questionnaire about achievement goal orientation (TEOSQ: Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire) used this study is drew up by Duda & Nicholls(1992), translated by 김병준(2001) and modified for this paper. We chose questionnaire (SESQ) for enjoyment factor that is used by 김병준, 성창훈(1997) and 정윤경(2003) and modified for sports society by 이필우(2005), 최수혁(2006).
Questionnaire about commitment was developed by sikszennmihalyi(1975) and modified by 이종길(1992).
The final result are as follows :
1. Difference in achievement goal orientation, enjoyment and commitment according to demographic characteristics of swimming participant.
First, there were no differences in achievement goal orientation, enjoyment and commitment according to the distinction of sex.
Second, in case of age, ego orientation which is a subordinate concept of achievement goal orientaion had a statistically significant differences. It means that ego orientation was affected by participant's age
2. Difference in achievement goal orientation, enjoyment and commitment according to participation degree (time, frequency, period) of swimming participant.
First, it turned out that the degree of participation time affects ego orientation and cognition commitment which are subordinate concept of achievement goal orientation and commitment each.
Second, there were no statistically significant differences in achievement goal orientation, enjoyment and commitment according to participation frequency of swimming participant.
Third, task orientation, enjoyment and cognition commitment had different degree according to participation period.
These results mean that participation time and period affect purpose establish, pleasure, intention of persistance and participation in field of sports.
3. The relation between enjoyment of swimming participant and commitment.
First, efficiency, effect of exercise, atmosphere, fascination which are subordinate concept of enjoyment provided the positive effect to cognition commitment.
Second, behavioral commitment was affected by efficiency, atmosphere, fascination except exercise effect.
So, it tured out that enjoyment affect more positive effect to cognition commitment.
4. The effect of achievement goal orientation on ejoyment and commitment.
we found that task orientation gave a positive effect to ejoyment and commitment.
In conclusion, task-oriented swimming participant who has own criterion of success pays more attention to health improvement, effect of exercise, relationships with other participants and mood. They effectively obtain more positive self-contentment. What is more, they are interested in the information and imaginative behavior about exercise of their concern. And task orientation provede a positive effect on preference, desire, recognition of sports.