용서프로그램이 알코올 의존집단의 분노와 자아존중감에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Forgiveness program on Anger, Self-esteem in male patient group with Alcohol Dependence

국문 초록 (Abstract)

알코올 의존자들의 성격특성에 관한 연구들은, 이들이 일반인에 비해 높은 분
노수준과 낮은 자아존중감을 가진다고 밝혀오고 있다. 또한 이러한 성향은 음주
의 촉발요인이 되거나 지속요인이 되기도 한다. 따라서 이들의 분노를 해결하고
자아존중감을 높일 수 있는 심리치료적 개입의 필요성이 대두되고 있다.
한편, 부당하게 상처를 받은 사람들에게 용서프로그램을 실시하여 분노수준을
낮추고, 자아존중감과 용서수준을 향상시킨다는 결과가 다수의 연구에서 검증되
었다. 따라서 본 연구는 남성알코올 의존집단을 대상으로 용서프로그램을 실시하
여 용서, 분노, 자아존중감에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다.
이를 위해 서울에 위치한 S정신병원과 H정신병원에서 입원한 환자 총 17명의
자료를 분석하였다. 치료집단은 S병원에 입원한 환자 중 참가자 12명 가운데 총
8명이, 통제집단은 H병원에 입원한 환자 중 참가자 11명 가운데 총 9명의 자료
가 분석에 포함되었다. 용서프로그램은 총 7회기로 구성되었으며 병원사정상 한
회기가 연기되어 주1회씩 총 8주에 걸쳐 진행되었다.
연구에 사용된 설문지는 Spielberger의 상태분노척도, Rosenberg의 자아존중
감 척도, Enright 의 용서척도였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을
이용하여 분석하였다. 먼저 집단의 동질성을 평가하기 위해 참가자들에게 사전검
사를 실시하여 t-검증을 한 결과 두 집단이 동질집단으로 판명되었다. 효과의 검
증을 위하여 두 집단의 설문지 사전사후 검사를 실시하여 대응표본 t-검증을 실
시하였고, 반복측정 변량분석을 실시하여 치료집단과 통제집단에 따른 주효과와
검사 시기에 따른 주효과 및 집단과 검사시기의 상호작용 효과를 비교분석하였
다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
용서프로그램을 실시한 알코올 의존 집단은 용서정도를 증가되었으며, 용서 하
위요인인 용서감정, 용서행동, 용서사고에서 모두 유의미한 향상을 나타냈다. 또
한 자아존중감이 통제집단에 비해 치료집단에서 유의미하게 증가된 결과를 보였
다. 그러나 분노는 치료집단이 통제집단에 비해 유의미한 변화량을 보이지 않았
다. 위와 같은 결과는 용서프로그램이 알코올 의존자의 용서수준과 자아존중감을
증가시키는 것에 효과가 있었음을 나타낸다. 그러나 입원한 알코올 의존자들의
분노수준을 낮추는 것에 대한 효과는 나타나지 않았다.
끝으로 후속연구에 대한 본 연구의 제한점 및 추후연구에 대한 제언과 의의를
제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Studies on those who are dependent on alcohol have shown that they suffer from a higher level of anger and a lower level of self-esteem in comparison with ordinary people. And these tendencies become a factor to either trigger off drinking or go on drinking. Therefore, a psychotherapeutic intervention is needed which can resolve their anger and enhance their self-esteem.
On the other hand, a huge number of studies have verified that the level of anger can be lowered and a sense of self-esteem along with the level of forgiveness can be enhanced by conducting a forgiveness program for those who are unfairly hurt. So, this research intended to check out what effects the forgiveness program for a group of males who are dependent on alcohol will have on forgiveness, anger, and self-esteem.
In order to do so, this research analyzed the materials of a total of 17 patients who are hospitalized in the S mental hospital and the H mental hospital located in Seoul. While the experiment group consists of a total of 8 patients out of 12 participants who are hospitalized in the S mental hospital and the control group consists of a total of 9 patients out of 11 participants who are hospitalized in the H mental hospital, their materials were included in this research’s analysis. The forgiveness program consists of a total of seven sessions, but it was conducted for a total of 8 weeks because one session was put off due to the hospital-related reasons.
The questionnaires this research used were the measurement of state anger by Spielberger, the measurement of self-esteem by Rosenberg, and the measurement of forgiveness by Enright. The collected materials were analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. First of all, to evaluate the homogeneity of the group, a preliminary test was conducted for the participants and then t-verification was conducted, confirming that the two groups were homogeneous. To verify effectiveness, the before-and-after questionnaire test was conducted for both groups and then matching-to-sample t-verification was conducted. By conducting a repeated measurement analysis of variance, the main effects according to the experiment group and the control group, the main effects according to test time, and the interaction effects of groups and test time were compared and analyzed. The findings of this
research are as follows.
The group dependent on alcohol for which a forgiveness program was conducted increased their level of forgiveness, and a meaningful improvement showed up in forgiveness subordinate factors like forgiveness emotion, forgiveness activity, and forgiveness thinking. In addition, it turned out that a meaningful increase in a sense of self-esteem showed up in the experiment group compared with the control group. But in terms of anger, any meaningful change didn’t appear in the experiment group
compared with the control group. Such results showed that the forgiveness program was effective to increasing the level of forgiveness and self-esteem of those who are dependent on alcohol. But it was not effective to lowering the level of anger of inpatients dependent on alcohol.
Finally, this research presented its limitations, suggestions, and meanings for the following studies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• Ⅰ. 서론 ········································································ 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·························································· 5
• 1. 알코올 의존의 개념과 원인 ···································5
• 2. 알코올 의존자의 분노 ············································7
• 3. 알코올 의존자의 자아존중감 ································8
• 4. 용서의 의미와 과정 ···············································10
• 5. 용서의 치료기제 ··················································· 13
• 6. 용서가 분노 및 자아존중감에 미치는 영향 ······ 15
• Ⅲ. 연구목적 및 가설 ················································ 17
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 ····························································· ··19
• 1. 연구대상 ································································· 19
• 2. 측정도구 ···································································22
• 3. 연구절차 ·································································· 23
• 4. 분석방법 ·································································· 27
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 ····························································· ···28
• 1. 용서프로그램의 용서수준에 미치는 영향 ·········· 28
• 2. 용서프로그램의 분노수준에 미치는 영향 ·········· 32
• 3. 용서프로그램의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향 ······ 34
• Ⅵ. 논의 ········································································ 36
• 참고문헌 ···································································· ···42
• 부록 ············································································ ···48
• 부록1) Enright 용서척도(EFI) ····································48
• 부록2) Spielberger 상태분노척도 ··························· ·52
• 부록3) Rosenberg의 자아존중감 척도 ···················· 53
• 부록4) 용서프로그램 ··················································· 54
• 영문초록 ········································································ 67