「푸에블라문헌」에 나타난 ‘가난한 이들을 위한 우선적 선택’과 교회의 실천적 행위 : 가난한 이들을 위한 가난한 교회 = The Priority Choice for the Poor in「Puebla」Document and the Practical Action of the Catholic Church - the Poor Church for the Poor

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Church has the mission to lead a life of proclaiming and testifying Jesus Christ to the world. Especially the Church can't accomplish her mission excluding poverty just as Christ completed his saving activity in poverty. That's why the Church has the obligation to choose the poor first to follow the essential meaning of the evangelical spirit. Yet, in reality, the Korean Church today lies in a state of becoming middle-class in terms of a social environment. This phenomenon hinders the mission of the Church. It is because the Church is being changed for those who have and can afford to spare in wealth. Under this circumstance, we need to keep in mind again that we should find out those who have been alienated due to poverty and pay a considerate attention, as a leading example, to their situations, remembering the evangelical spirit again. This thesis, therefore, aims at putting into consideration the role of the Church in the terms of poverty based on 'the priority choice for the poor' presented in 「Puebla」document, which is authorized as an essential document on poverty.

First of all, chapter one deals with 'poverty and the poor' in the Scripture. Poverty was accepted just in a material sense under the socal circumstance in the Old Testament era. In the New Testament era, on the contrary, poverty was emphasized in a spiritual sense formed in the relation with God. The meaning of poverty which had been overestimated in either sense was completed in Jesus. Jesus himself chose and led a poor life in material refusing the tendency of diminishing the material meaning of poverty and also led a poor life in spirit which meant committing everything in himself to God. Through this life, Jesus paid a prior attention to the poor. He chose the poor as objects of proclaiming the gospel, delivered the good news of the gospel to them, and revealed God's love through them. Jesus' examples like these have shown that the mission of the Church lies first in the concerns and considerations for the poor. This fact, therefore, shows that the Church has the obligation to reveal God's love as well by proclaiming the gospel to the poor through 'the priority choice for the poor'.

Chapter two deals with the theological meaning of the term 'the priority choice for the poor' and its background as well. The theology of liberation which studied on the mission of the Church for the liberation of people in the light of evangelism has appeared under the circumstance of the political oppressions by the desperate poverty, the inequality of wealth, and the military dictatorship in Latin America. It emphasizes the prior concerns for poverty-stricken people, demanding the liberation of those who have lost their human dignities due to the material poverty. On the basis of these circumstances,「Puebla」document puts directly the practice of love through 'the priority choice for the poor'. It also puts that the priority choice is for everyone in the Church and is a loving deed for the purpose of the realization of social justice and common good in terms of both human dignity and solidarity through the dogmatic reflections on 'the priority choice for the poor'.

Chapter three deals with how the Church which makes 'the priority choice for the poor' indicates her stance on poverty and the poor mainly in the social encyclical of the Church. 'The priority choice for the poor' doesn't maintain just that the poor should be free from the oppression of social poverty but also that they should lead a life of evangelization and take part in building up the heavenly kingdom in this world through the liberation from the genuine poverty. The Church should stand for the poor in solidarity with the poor and approach them first through the practice of charity for them. This chapter shows clearly that 'the priority choice for the poor' is the essence and obligation of the Church in the social encyclical.

The last chapter four deals with the practical aspects of how the Church should act for the poor in the perspective of 'the priority choice for the poor'. The Korean Church which becomes middle-class today should be for the poor through the practice of the evangelical poverty and with the poor in solidarity with them. And the Church should be willing to try for the evangelization of the world through the practice of love toward the poor in solidarity with them. This chapter concludes that it is through this practice of love that Jesus Christ reveals himself in the world and his love increases on earth.

The Church delivers the good news of the gospel to those who suffers and hurts in poverty through 'the priority choice for the poor'. Yet the evangelic spirit the Church proclaims today is not just defined to the salvation out of the hurts and oppressions from the material poverty. It is apparent that the Church has the prior obligation of concerns for the human pain from the material poverty, yet she also has the obligation of concerns for the pain from the spiritual poverty simultaneously. It is through 'the priority choice for the poor' that the Church should reveal God's love by putting into practice the material and spiritual sharing with those who suffers from poverty. To do so, the Church should live a life of the evangelical poverty just as Jesus Christ came to this world as a human being and practice a life of the evangelical poverty himself. When doing so, the Church will be able to share both the earthly blessing and the eternal happiness in the heavenly kingdom with those who suffer from poverty by being the church for the poor. This thesis concludes that the Church should live a life as alter Christ which reveals and shows Jesus Christ's love in this world by putting into practice the evangelical poverty through 'the priority choice for the poor'.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• 들어가면서 1
• 1. 가난과 가난한 이들에 대한 성서적 이해 3
• 1.1. 구약성서에서의 가난과 가난한 이들 3
• 1.1.1. 구약성서에서 사용된 가난에 대한 성서적 개념 3
• 1.1.2. 구약성서에 나타난 가난한 이들 5
• 1.1.2.1. 유목생활 시대 5
• 1.1.2.2. 가나안 정착 및 왕정시대 7
• 1.1.2.3. 유배생활과 그 이후시대 8
• 1.1.3. 구약성서에서의 가난의 의미 9
• 1.2. 신약성서에서의 가난과 가난한 이들 10
• 1.2.1. 신약성서에서 사용된 가난에 대한 성서적 개념 11
• 1.2.2. 신약성서에 나타난 가난한 이들 12
• 1.2.2.1. 복음서에 나타난 가난한 이들 12
• 1.2.2.2. ‘가난한 이’로서의 예수 그리스도 13
• 1.2.3. 신약성서에서의 가난의 의미 14
• 1.2.3.1. 물질적 가난 14
• 1.2.3.2. 영적 가난 15
• 1.2.3.3. 예수 그리스도의 가난 16
• 1.3. 소결론 17
• 2. 푸에블라문헌에 나타난 ‘가난한 이들을 위한 우선적 선택’ 19
• 2.1. 푸에블라문헌 19
• 2.1.1. 라틴아메리카의 시대적 상황 19
• 2.1.2. 해방신학의 등장과 메델린 문헌 21
• 2.1.3. 푸에블라문헌의 형성 배경 24
• 2.1.4. 푸에블라문헌의 구성 및 의의 24
• 2.2. 푸에블라문헌에 나타난 ‘가난한 이들을 위한 우선적 선택’의 신학적 근거 26
• 2.2.1. 사회교리의 기본원리 27
• 2.2.1.1. 인간 존엄성의 원리 27
• 2.2.1.2. 공동선의 원리 29
• 2.2.1.3. 연대성의 원리 30
• 2.2.2.4. 보조성의 원리 33
• 2.2.2. 푸에블라문헌의 ‘가난한 이들을 위한 우선적 선택’에 대한 전이해 35
• 2.2.2.1. 가난한 이들에 대한 우선적 선택 37
• 2.2.2.2. 가난한 이들과의 연대 39
• 2.2.3. 푸에블라문헌에 나타난 ‘가난한 이들을 위한 우선적 선택’의 교의적 성찰 41
• 2.2.3.1. 가난한 이들의 복음화 42
• 2.2.3.2. 가난한 이들에 대한 봉사 43
• 2.2.3.3. 그리스도인의 가난 45
• 2.3. 소결론 46
• 3. 대(對) 사회회칙에 나타난 ‘가난한 이들을 위한 우선적 선택’ 49
• 3.1. 새로운 사태(Rerum Novarum, 1891) 49
• 3.2. 사십주년(Quadragesimo Anno, 1931) 51
• 3.3. 어머니요 스승(Mater et Magistra, 1961) 53
• 3.4. 제 2차 바티칸공의회 문헌 - 사목헌장(Gaudium et Spes, 1965) 55
• 3.5. 민족들의 발전(Populorum Progressio, 1967) 57
• 3.6. 노동하는 인간(Laborem Exercens, 1981) 59
• 3.7. 사회적 관심(Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 1987) 61
• 3.8. 백주년(Centesimus Annus, 1991) 62
• 3.9. 소결론 64
• 4. 가난한 이들을 위한 가난한 교회 - 교회의 실천적 행위 66
• 4.1. 복음적 가난을 사는 교회 67
• 4.2. 가난한 이들과 연대하는 교회 - 가난한 이들의 복음화 68
• 4.3. 자선을 통한 사랑의 실천 - 물질적 나눔과 영적인 나눔 70
• 4.4. 교회의 활동을 통한 사랑의 실천 72
• 나가면서 75
• 참고문헌 78