Distribution environment is quickly changing as seen in diversified channel of traditional retail stores and increase in the number of nonstore retail stores. Store-centered traditional distribution channel is restricted to the business area. Therefor...
Distribution environment is quickly changing as seen in diversified channel of traditional retail stores and increase in the number of nonstore retail stores. Store-centered traditional distribution channel is restricted to the business area. Therefore it is advantageous for companies to expand the business through nonstore retail stores such as internet, catalog and cell-phone. Moreover, new distribution channels, combination of products, information and communication technology, personal changes in the environment has triggered changes in consumers' behaviors.
Recently, consumers utilizing variety of sales channels, 'multichannel consumers', are rapidly increasing. That is, the number of consumers using various channels to search and buy products is more and more increasing. They are becoming an important group for retailers to generate revenue. It is because the more diverse the distribution channel consumers use, the more loyal and wanting to buy the consumers are. Retailers need to analyze these consumers' key values and shopping patterns both over the main shopping channel and all distribution channels. At this point, there is insufficient amount of domestic research on multichannel consumers. Therefore this study conducted a research in search of multichannel consumers' characteristics and purchase patterns.
This study investigates consumers' use of distribution channels to figure out several factors: characteristics of multichannel consumers, consumers' preference between online and offline during information searching and purchasing stage for buying experience goods and search goods based on decision making process, whether theres a difference in choosing channels for purchasing and information seeking depending on consumers with different characteristics(demographical variable, sociopsychological variable, use of multichannel), key factors that influence consumer's choice of purchase channel.
The research targeted subjects with ability to use internet, and past experience buying casual clothes, travel products, digital electronics. The tools used to analyze data was SPSS 180K for Windows. And through frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, cluster analysis, crossed analysis, logistic regression analysis, came up with following outcomes.
First, consumers were classified depending on the research subjects' use of nontraditional distribution channel. The results show that 54.5% of the subjects were moderate level multichannel consumers and 27.2% of the subjects were high level multi channel consumers. This fact shows that majority of the subjects were multichannel consumers using various distribution channels.
Second, there was demographical differences among groups depending on the use of multichannel. Subjects in 20s and 30s more frequently used multichannel than other age group. In addition, unmarried subjects preferred multichannel.
Third, the relationship between use of multichannel and shopping tendency showed significant differences. The more subjects were centered on pleasure, rationality, low-price, the more multichannel they used. Also subjects valuing convenience used less multichannel. Not only the use of multichannel related to practical reasons but also enjoying pleasure.
Fourth, the choice of channels for information search and purchase for buying products(tangible experience goods, intangible experience goods, search goods) varied demographically. Female used both online and offline compared to male when searching information on tangible experience goods and search goods. Also, subjects in 20s and 30s preferred online channel when purchasing intangible experience goods and search goods.
Fifth, there were differences in the choice of shopping channel for different products depending on subjects' shopping tendency. Subjects valuing rationality and low-price showed significant difference in choosing channels to search information and to buy three kinds of products. Subjects highly valuing rationality and low price used both online and offline to search information. They preferred online channel to purchase products.
Sixth, consumers' risk perception was more closely related with information seeking channel than purchasing channel. For search goods, the higher consumers' risk perception on products and channels were, the more consumers tended to use both online and offline. In the case of tangible experience goods, the higher consumers sensed social risk, the more they used offline for information search.
Seventh, analyzed results from logistic regression analysis show that variables influencing consumers' choice of shopping channel differed among types of products. In the case of tangible experience goods, subjects valuing low-price tended to use online channel to purchase goods. For intangible experience goods, the younger subjects were, the more they used online channel to purchase goods. As for experience goods, male preferred online channel to search information.
In conclusion, in correspondence to the rapidly changing distribution environment ,consumers need to understand characteristics of various distribution channels. They should especially focus on the benefits that different channels give for different products. Also, companies should recognize the fact that consumers choose shopping channels according to different products types and establish an appropriate distribution strategy. Promptly understanding and adapting to consumers' characteristics and behavioral changes allow companies' distribution channel to be managed more effectively and eventually increase consumers' satisfaction and welfare.
key words: multichannel consumer, channel choice, experience goods, search goods, logistic regression analysis