자원봉사활동이 노인의 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향 연구 = A Study on Effects of Elderly Volunteerism on Successful Aging

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국문초록
본 연구는 노인의 긍정적인 자아통합을 지원하는 자원봉사활동을 활성화하기 위해 노인의 자원봉사활동과 그 효과성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울에 거주하는 노인들을 대상으로 노인 자원봉사실태를 살펴보고, 자원봉사활동 참여요인(심리적 요인, 활동내용 요인)이 성공적 노화(생활만족도, 자아존중감, 대인관계기술)에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 서울시에 거주하는 60세 이상의 노인을 대상으로 편의표집하여 대학원 석사과정에 재학중인 조사원이 일대일 개별면접을 실시하였다.
본 연구는 2009년 9월17일부터 10월20일까지 실시되었으며, 현재 자원봉사활동에 참여중인 400명의 노인을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 400부의 설문지 중, 오기나 누락으로 인해 부적절한 자료를 제외한 393부의 자료가 구체적인 분석에 활용되었고, 사용한 통계프로그램은 spss 12.0 이다.
조사와 분석을 통하여 얻어진 본 논문의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 조사대상자의 일반적 특징을 살펴보면 총 393명의 대상자중 여성이 257명(65.5%), 연령은 60대가 267명(67.8%), 학력은 중/고졸이 156명(39.7%), 종교는 기독교가 47.2% 가장 많은 것으로 조사되었고, 배우자의 유무는 유배우자 노인은 262명(66.6%)으로 무배우자 노인 131명(33.4%)보다 많았다.
둘째, 조사대상자들의 자원봉사활동 특성을 살펴본 결과는 자원봉사활동 참여빈도는 주 1회 참여가 165명(42.1%)로 가장 많았고, 자원봉사활동 참여시 소요되는 시간은 2시간이 203명(51.6%)으로 가장 많았다.
셋째, 조사대상자들의 자원봉사활동 참여요인 중 심리적 요인에 관한 결과를 살펴보면 조사대상자들은 자원봉사활동의 가장 중요한 동기로 ‘도움이 필요한 사람에게 내가 도움을 주고 있다’로 204명인 51.9%가 ‘아주 중요하다’라고 응답하였다.
넷째, 지난 1년 동안 자원봉사활동시간에 관한 질문에 31시간- 40시간이라고 응답한 노인들이 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 21시간- 30시간이 많았다.
다섯째, 독립변인인 자원봉사활동 참여요인에 따른 자원봉사활동 만족도를 살펴본 결과 참여동기가 높은 집단일수록, 자발성이 높은 집단일수록, 자원봉사활동의 활동적절성이 높다고 인식한 집단일수록, 40시간까지의 참여집단이 41시간이상 참여한 집단들보다 전반적인 자원봉사활동 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.
여섯째, 노인의 자원봉사활동이 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향과 자원봉사활동 만족도의 매개효과를 살펴본 결과 자원봉사활동 만족도가 높은 집단일수록 생활만족도, 자아존중감, 대인관계기술의 변화가 높은것으로 나타났으며, 이는 통계적으로 유의한 결과였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ·········································································································· 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ·························································································1
• 2. 연구의 범위 및 구성 ···············································································2
• 가. 연구의 범위·························································································3
• 나. 연구의 구성 ·······················································································3
• 3. 연구 목적 ·································································································4
• 4. 용어 정의 ···································································································5
• 가. 자원봉사 ·······························································································5
• 나. 성공적 노화·························································································5
• 다. 생활만족도 ···························································································6
• 라. 자아존중감 ···························································································6
• 마. 대인관계기술·······················································································7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ································································································8
• 1. 자원봉사 ·····································································································8
• 가. 자원봉사의 정의···············································································8
• 나. 노인 자원봉사의 필요성과 의의 ·················································11
• 다. 노인자원봉사 이론적 관점 ···························································16
• 라. 우리나라 노인자원봉사 현황·······················································21
• 마. 외국 노인자원봉사활동 현황·······················································30
• 바. 노인자원봉사활동 문제점 ·····························································38
• 2. 성공적 노화·····························································································41
• 가. 성공적 노화의 정의 ·······································································41
• 나. 성공적 노화 이론 ···········································································44
• 다. 성공적 노화에 영향을 미치는 요인 ···········································50
• 라. 생활만족도·······················································································57
• 마. 자아존중감·······················································································59
• 바. 대인관계기술 ···················································································62
• 3. 선행연구 ···································································································65
• 가. 노인자원봉사 선행연구·································································65
• 나. 성공적 노화 선행연구···································································69
• 다. 생활만족도 선행연구 ·····································································71
• III. 연구방법 ·····················