The industrial area of the industrial age located on the outskirts of Seoul is incorporated into the center of the city according to the urban growth. In addition, the industrial facilities of the period of industrialization plays an important functio...
The industrial area of the industrial age located on the outskirts of Seoul is incorporated into the center of the city according to the urban growth. In addition, the industrial facilities of the period of industrialization plays an important function for urban development, but it has been recognized as inadequate facility in the city of the deindustrialization epoch depending on the change of time. This phenomenon is same in the Western countries so the same areas to the target destination of this study are treated for the current major destination of urban regeneration.
The subjects of this study has been changed rapidly during less than a century, so the large-scale residential and plants were mixed recently. It is judged that there are many mixed residential-industrial areas in addition to the subjects of this study, but the place that reveals the problem tracking in the urban environment and scenic aspects by the extreme policies such as the industrial promotion policy in the national level and the large-scale residential development boom of the development period etc. were mixed sharply within an urban area is uncommon. The urban status reveals the layer of time but the mechanism of formation for each period is different by the policy and urban plan spatially and temporally, so it is difficult to identify the cause or solve problem by only analysis of current mixed situation and to find implications either.
In this context, this study was conducted in three phases largely. First, the current problem situation of the Yongdeungpo mixed residential-industrial area was analyzed through the literature and observation. Second, the seasonal transition process was comprehended by analysis of historical events of the target area and related policies through the literature survey. Third, the urban structure transition process was investigated by comprehend of the applications and forms change by entire target area and partial areas.
The seasonal transition process(Chapter 3) of Yongdeungpo mixed residential and industrial area which was comprehended by the results of this study is as follows. The formation of Yongdeungpo mixed residential-industrial area and policy, change of urban plan and mixed phenomenon which had impact on the transition process were observed by dividing from around 1900 to the present by total four steps.
The first step, the dawn of modern urban planning in around 1900~ 1920
The most of the industry types at that time was the cottage industry, and the factory located in high place where flood damage was less. However, the low-income housings occurred caused by flood damage for the huge floods in 1925.
The second step, the formative years of modern urban planning in 1930~1940
The industrial area was established in Yongdeungpo where there is a railroad passing through the Manchuria based on the town planning laws as part of military base by Japan, and the military supplies centered large factory developed rapidly due to the industrialization movement of Japan. So Yongdeungpo, the housing of Korean workers who received low wages compared to Japanese was just poor. The housing shortage before liberation emerged as a serious problem again, so the public housing complex for the workers was constructed in large scale in 1944.
The third step, Industrial growth in 1950~1970
After Korean War, the government recovered the factory in Yongdeungpo firstly, and the industry of Yongdeungpo has expanded in quantity. Up until this time, the residential housing is still in the phase of the affordable housing, and the housing of low income class and the war sufferer group acceptance housing shortage were formed as the refugee concentration in 1970. When the administrative power has been weakened, the unlicensed residential housing has been started so the apartment began to be erected in Yongdeungpo.
The fourth step, the change of housing period in 1980~2000
Since the late 1970s, the plants was considered as ineligible usage for the city, and the distribution of industry act of 1945 was enacted so the factories were moved to the region, and the apartment house was provided in the place where the large plants were moved in the 1980s.
Next, the results of analysis about the urban structure transition process of Yongdeungpo mixed residential-industrial area(Chapter 4) is as follows. Putting the results of this study together, the urban form has changed by the change of usage in Yongdeungpo.
First, the trend of change of housing & factory are showing the opposite way generally. Since around 1980, the factory decreased and the housing increased. The increase or decrease of each usage like this has changed over different time and the mixed residential-industrial situation arose.
Second, the housing and commercial usage except industry-related facilities is growing rapidly in Yongdeungpo. As the housing usage increased, the commercial usage based on this increased as well. The industry-related sales are decreasing for the same trend with increase & decrease of the factory recently.
Third, the highest housing percentage appeared due to the factory employment population concentration in 1960, but the workers of related industry leaved along with relocation of factory so the housing percentage decreased in 1970. But according to the enactment of Distribution of Factory Act, the residential housing was built in the place where the factory-moved sites around 1980, the housing percentage has begun to increase exponentially.
Fourth, the most of the areas where have changed from the factory into a residential housing in the 1950s are residential areas. In the 1980s, the areas where have changed from the factory into a residential housing are the factory areas surrounded by housing, and the areas where have changed from the factory into a residential housing in the 2000s are the factory areas.
The changes in the subject areas by partial section are as follows.
First, ZONE1ㆍZONE5ㆍZONE11 are areas composed by small scale lots, the housing usage decreased and the factory or the commercial usage increased compared to early in 1939. It is the area which was planned as housing areas when the usage plan in 1939 but the commercial usage in the ZONE1 and ZONE11 which was planned as commercial areas became dominant and the industrial usage in the ZONE5 as affordable housing surrounded by industries became dominant.
Second, ZONE2ㆍZONE3ㆍZONE6ㆍZONE7 are areas composed by the large scale lots, it has changed more than 40% from the factory mainly into the housing at 1980s and the most of the housing usage is apartment.
Third, ZONE4ㆍZONE8ㆍZONE9 are areas composed by the largeㆍmidiumㆍsmall scale lots, and the various usages are mixed currently. The size of lots is configured variously so the change is easy to each usage so the mixed residential-industrial situation is more serious.
Fourth, ZONE10 ZONE12 are areas with more than 30% of the initial existing dwelling rate. And where there was a railroad was factory-moved site. The lots are large and both sides of railroad were used for the factory so it can be changed into the housing usage after the railroad changed into the road.