국어 공간어의 의미 확장 연구 = A study on meaning extension of Korean spatial language

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to categorize a type of the Korean spatial language according to the semantic criteria and to explore the aspects of the meaning extension of them. It is a matter of common knowledge that human beings recognize forms, locations, directions, or movements of physical entity by spatial perception and then represent the spatial concepts by means of a various of languages. In other words there are the spatial language refer to a certain part or a property of entity, a location between referent and relatum, a change location of referent by motion in all languages. For this reason, I try to explain how to use the Korean spatial language for description of spatial relations of things or events. For this purpose, I analyze a pattern of the Korean spatial terms and describe the aspects of the meaning extension of them on the basis of embodiment in cognitive linguistics.
This thesis is divided up into four chapters. In chapter 1, I present accounts of the aim and the scope of this thesis.
In chapter 2, I investigate the nature of spatial concept and spatial experience to the premise the cognitive motivation of the spatial language meaning. The human body structure and the embodied spatial experience plays a pivotal role in the formation of the concept of space. In other words, we form spatial concepts such as direction, location, movement based on our body structure and posture, perceptual experience.
In chapter 3, at first I classify the type of Korean spatial language associated with the concept of space. Then I examine the way each type of Korean spatial language menas the physical space, and analyze the aspects of the meaning extension of them. 'Spatial language' is conventional specifications of the location or change of location of a given entity. In Korean, spatial concepts are realized with four types of spatial language; spatial nouns, spatial adjectives, spatial verbs, and spatial postpositions. The point of this chapter which occupies a large part of this thesis is that spatial concept is an important mechanism to create linguistic expression and this is confirmed by the fact that a extensive non-spatial meanings, such as emotion, activities, events, phenomena, time, are usually provided in a spatial meaning of spatial language.
In chapter 4, I explore relationships between the embodied spatial experience and the conceptual structure of space and then examine thoroughly relationships between the conceptual structure of space and the semantic structure of spatial language by analyzing the way abstract concepts are described through the spatial language. The concept of a certain object arises from the embodied experience associated with it, and an abstract concept or inferencing is formed by the schematic conceptual structure of the embodied spatial experience. Moreover conceptual structure of space derived from the 'embodiment' is reflected in the semantic structure of spatial language. That is, 'spatial concept' formed through a concrete experience provides the foundation that can be structured an abstract experience in a similar way.
My main argument in this thesis is that spatial concept constitutes an important part of our conceptualization and construal. The 'spatial concepts' are formed based on 'embodied cognition' and constitute the most fundamental cognitive domain. Therefore they are the base to configure or to understand the abstract and complex concepts. The 'spatial languages' are the linguistic representation of the spatial concepts, the meanings of them are extended very systematic from the concrete spatial meaning to the abstract meaning, such as circumstance, purpose and cause. The important thing here is that motivation of the meaning extension is the 'embodiment' which is the starting point of human cognition. I discuss about the general aspects of the meaning extension of Korean spatial terms on the basis of embodiment in cognitive linguistics. Through these discussions I can confirm the claim of cognitive linguistics as follows; first, the conceptual structure of human being is embodied essentially; second, the semantic structure of language reflect this conceptual structure; in conclusion, our embodied experience is reflected in the semantic structure of language and gives constraints on the semantic structure of language.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적 1
• 1.2. 선행 연구 검토 3
• 1.3. 연구 범위 및 방법 6
• 2. 공간의 개념과 개념화 양상 8
• 2.1. 공간의 개념 8
• 2.2. 공간의 개념화 14
• 2.2.1. 포함 15
• 2.2.2. 방향 17
• 2.3.3. 이동 및 위치 19
• 2.3. 공간의 개념 요소 21
• 2.3.1. 탄도체와 지표 22
• 2.3.2. 참조틀과 시점 29
• 2.3.3. 이동과 경로 46
• 2.4. 공간의 의미 유형 52
• 3. 공간 개념의 언어화 양상 55
• 3.1. 공간어의 유형 55
• 3.2. 공간어의 의미 양상 59
• 3.2.1. 공간 명사 59
• 3.2.2. 공간 형용사 92
• 3.2.3. 공간 동사 119
• 3.2.4. 공간 조사 144
• 4. 공간어의 의미 확장 170
• 4.1. 공간어의 의미 확장 원리 171
• 4.1.1. 영상도식 171
• 4.1.2. 공간 경험 도식 174
• 4.1.3. 공간 도식의 은유적 투사 176
• 4.2. 공간어의 의미 확장 양상 178
• 4.2.1. 경계의 확장 180
• 4.2.2. 이동의 확장 185
• 5. 결론 190
• 참고문헌 195
• 영문초록 201