This study aims to examine longitudinally the effect of successful aging on life satisfaction of the elderly. It reveals how life satisfaction trajectory has been influenced by the factors of successful aging, which consists of physical, physiological...
This study aims to examine longitudinally the effect of successful aging on life satisfaction of the elderly. It reveals how life satisfaction trajectory has been influenced by the factors of successful aging, which consists of physical, physiological, social, and demographic factor. The subjects for this study were drawn from the aged more than 55 years old from Korean Retirement and Income Study of National Pension Service, conducting latent growth curve analyses.
Results are as follows.
Firstly, life satisfaction by unconditional model has been increasing subsequently for 4 research years. It is consistent with the findings of previous studies that overall life satisfaction of the elderly is increasing over time.
Secondly, this study analyses the effect of the physical factor on the life satisfaction trajectory by conditional model. The physical health status was positively related to the early stage of life satisfaction, while it has a negative effect on the slope of life satisfaction. In other words, those who aged successfully were shown to have greater physical function and life satisfaction than those who aged less well. As physical function is better, so life satisfaction is higher.
Thirdly, this study analyzes the effect of psychological factor on the life satisfaction of the elderly by conditional model. The psychological health status was positively related to the early stage of life satisfaction, while it was negatively related to the slope of life satisfaction. Such results suggest that those who aged successfully were shown to have good psychological health status. As the psychological health status is better, life satisfaction is much higher. It is consistent with the findings of the existing studies that the depression in old age has a negative effect on the life satisfaction.
Fourthly, this study analyzes what social factors at the early stage have an effect on life satisfaction of the elderly by conditional model. The paid work has a significant impact on the change rate of life satisfaction, the care of grandchildren has a significant impact on the starting point of life satisfaction, and the care of parents has no significant impact on both the starting point and the change rate of life satisfaction. There are no differences between the elderly with paid work and the ones without. However, the ones with paid work have rapidly been increasing of their life satisfaction over time. The elderly, who care of their grandchildren have lower life satisfaction of their early life stage, have been remaining it without change over time. The initial value of life satisfaction by the care of parents suggests that there is no difference among individuals and the rate of life satisfaction as well.
Finally, this study analyzes the effect of demographic factor as a control variable on the life satisfaction trajectory. Results show different findings from existing studies. Man has lower life satisfaction at the starting point of life satisfaction than women, whereas has no significant effect on the slope of life satisfaction. Age has a positive effect on the early stage of life satisfaction, whereas has negative effect on the slope of life satisfaction. Education level has no significant relationship with the starting point of the life satisfaction, but has a positive effect on the slope of life satisfaction. Life satisfaction by marital status has significant effect on the early stage of life satisfaction and has no significant effect on the slope of life satisfaction.
These findings suggest that successful aging is an important factor on life satisfaction. Thus, it is necessary to develop programs for improving the physical and psychological health, to provide appropriate jobs and wage for the elderly who are able to work, and to consider differential intervention strategies for life satisfaction is different by demographic factors.
This study conducts the longitudinal study on successful aging and life satisfaction with short-term data at three point of time. However, there is limitation to estimate accurate the change by each time period. In addition, it may fall short of analyzing life satisfaction trajectory because time variables such as, physical, psychological health status, and income, are covered only by the first time period data.
Nevertheless, this study is meaningful in finding the influence of successful aging on life satisfaction by longitudinal data. Also, it conducts the latent growth curve model and then expands understanding the relationship between successful aging and life satisfaction.