중년여성 우울증 완화를 위한 레크리에이션 프로그램 개발 및 효과검증

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study on the Development of Therapeutic
Recreation Programs for Depressed
Middle - aged women and the Evaluation
of their Effectiveness


Kim Jung Hyun
Department of Sports and Leisure Studies
Graduate School
Korea University


This dissertation aims to develop recreation programs to mitigate depression of middle-aged woman and empirically test the effectiveness of these programs. Through this effort, the research expects to show that the proper recreation program can have the function of resolving and curing certain kinds of mental problems. It is hypothesized in this study that the well-designed recreation programs have the effects of soothing depression, decreasing stress, enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, encouraging social support, and improving mental health and happiness.

The major research methods used in this dissertation include both quantitative and qualitative analyses based on survey, interview and observation. The subject of this research consists of middle-aged female whose ages range from 40 to 65 years old. For 12 weeks from January to June 2010, the implementation of the recreation programs and the plan of this research had been announced and promoted in two financial companies, Company N and Company S, where the therapeutic recreation programs were planned to start. It was clearly announced that the research was on development of the therapeutic recreation programs for mitigating middle-aged women's depression and the evaluation of the effectiveness.

At the first stage, I measured BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) for 511 women who lived in Seoul, Kyungki-do, Chungcheong Nam-do, and Chungcheong Buk-do. 18 voluntary women with high level of BDI were selected for close investigation. Those who had high level of BDI but did not want to be included in the group were excluded. Those who were under special medical treatment or taking regular medications were also excluded from investigation. However, two women in the investigation group had experience of psychiatric treatment in last 1~3 years.

Out of 18 women in investigation group, eight participants who continuously participated in the program for the entire 12 weeks (from June 14, 2010~August 30, 2010) were classified as an experimental group, and the remaining 10 women were classified as a control group.

With these two groups of middle-aged women, this study developed recreation programs to reduce stress and depression and also improve self esteem, self-efficacy, social support, mental health, and happiness, and evaluated the effectiveness of the programs, using both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The major results of the dissertation are as the following:

1) Development of recreation programs

First, recreation programs for depressed middle-aged women were developed based on Dattilo, Kleiber & William model (1998) and Andel model (1998).



2) Effectiveness of the programs

In order to measure effectiveness of the programs, the two groups were designed - a control group with 10 women and an experimental group with 8 women - and the recreation programs were implemented for aforementioned 12 weeks. The programs were rpovided for 80 minutes for once a week. The effects are as the following.

First, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups for the level of depression, stress, self esteem, self-efficacy, social support, mental health, and happiness after the experiments were conducted.

Second, after the recreation programs were implemented, there were statistically significant differences in the extent of Cortisol hormon.

Third, the analysis of the particiaption experiences of the moddile-aged women indicated that the recreation programs significantly affected the level of depression, decreasing stress, self esteem, self-efficacy, social support, mental health, and happiness.

Conclusively, it was confirmed from the analyses that properly designed recreation programs were able to cure depression and stress, and enhanced self esteem, self-efficacy, social support, mental health, and happiness of the middle-aged women.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• ABSTRACT
• I. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 4
• 3. 연구 문제 5
• 4. 연구의 제한점 5
• II. 이론적 배경 7
• 1. 우울증에 대한 이해 7
• 1) 우울증의 정의 7
• 2) 우울증의 주요 증상 8
• 3) 우울증의 원인 10
• 2. 중년기 여성과 우울경향 10
• 1) 중년기 여성의 특징 10
• 2) 우울증과 중년기 여성 13
• 3) 중년기 여성의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인 14
• 3. 치료레크리에이션의 이론적 개관 19
• 1) 치료레크리에이션 정의 및 실행모델 19
• 4.선행연구 34
• 1) 프로그램 개발 35
• 2) 레크리에이션 프로그램이 미치는 영향 38
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 48
• 1.연구 대상 48
• 2. 연구과정 및 절차 53
• 1) 연구과정 53
• 2) 연구절차 54
• 3) 프로그램 개발 56
• 3. 프로그램 효과성 검증 59
• 1) 준거관련 검사 도구 59
• (1) 우울 척도 59
• (2) 스트레스 척도 60
• (3) 자아존중감 척도 62
• (4) 자기 효능감 척도 63
• (5) 사회적 지지 척도 64
• (6) 정신건강 측정 도구 65
• (7) 행복감 측정 도구 67
• 2) 준거관련 측정 도구 69
• (1) Cortisol 69
• 3) 질적 심층면담 69
• 4. 자료처리 방법 70
• Ⅳ. 프로그램 개발 71
• 1. 프로그램 개발배경 71
• 2. 프로그램 77
• Ⅴ. 레크리에이션 프로그램 효과성 검증 96
• 1. 준거 관련 효과 분석 96
• 1) 인지적 측면 96
• 2) 생리적 측면 106
• 2. 참가자의 경험 과정 분석 108
• 1) 우울에 대한 변화 108
• 2) 스트레스에 대한 변화 109
• 3) 자아존중감에 대한 변화 110
• 4) 사회적 지지에 대한 변화 111
• 5) 자기 효능감에 대한 변화 113
• 6) 정신건강에 대한 변화 114
• 7) 행복감에 대한 변화 115
• Ⅵ. 논의 118
• 1. 레크리에이션 프로그램 개발 118
• 2. 레크리에이션 프로그램 효과 120
• Ⅶ. 결론 및 제언 126
• 1. 결론 126
• 2. 제언 128
• 참 고 문 헌 130
• 부 록