In the environment of financial market specified as ample liquidity and low interest rate after the currency crisis, house, especially apartment, became to be in the limelight as investment goods for the means to increase personal asset rather than si...
In the environment of financial market specified as ample liquidity and low interest rate after the currency crisis, house, especially apartment, became to be in the limelight as investment goods for the means to increase personal asset rather than simply owning one's home. This study aimed to illustrate from the experience the characteristic of the housing market as investment goods according to the change of such environment. It was to investigate the trend that the price fluctuation of the housing market in Seoul has been made as investment assets rather than consumer goods for usage since 2000.
For this, the relation between the earning rate and the systematic risk of the houses(apartments) in 5 districts such as Gangnam, Seocho, Songpa, Yangcheon and Nowon in Seoul was identified using CAPM(Capital Asset Pricing Model), a pricing model for financial assets. In addition, by analyzing the influence that the risk of asset impacts on the housing market and adding the social, economical and political variables such as net migration flow, trading volume, move-in volume, number of auction cases, loan regulation and expectations, this study identified the decisive factors of the contemporary earning rate in the housing market and its discrepancy by the region.
The result of the analysis showed the relation between the risk and return of the apartment market was a positive one. In addition, the beta value that indicates systematic risk was more explanatory for the three districts in Gangnam than Yangcheon and Nowon districts. It was also identified that the reconstruction apartments in the three districts in Gangnam showed the characteristic of investment asset which is more sensitive to risk.
And in the apartment market, the SMB(Small Minus Big) factor besides systematic risks was turned out to be a generally significant variable but comparatively the statistical significance of the momentum and non-systematic risk was so low as almost not to be explanatory.
Besides, the result of the additional analysis on the social, economical and political variables showed difference in each region but the statistical significance of the variables was not so high. The variables of loan regulation and trading volume showed significance but it was found that the explanatory power of the market risk factors, Beta and SMB, was very effective even though the social, economical and political variables were added.
Lastly, the validity of CAPM was identified and its result showed the positive relation between the risk and return as well as the statistic significance of non-systematic risk, but it was not clear whether it was linear or not. However, a linear relation between the risk and return in case of reconstruction apartments was verified.
As a conclusion, this study verified that the fluctuation of the earning rate of the apartment market in 5 districts in Seoul was to be decided by certain degree of risk. Especially reconstruction apartments turned out to have very strong characteristic tendency as investment goods and the three districts in Gangnam was more sensitive to risks than in Yangcheon or Nowon. In addition, the house market was much influenced largely by the SMB factors depending on the region and there existed a part of non-systematic risks. And some of the social, economical and political variables by the region had statistical significance but not so strong explanatory power.
The significance of this study lies in suggesting the pricing factors for the characteristic tendency as investment goods by a new approach of attempt that added the social, economical and political variables beyond finding the pricing factors in the price fluctuation of the housing market through single index model and multi-factor model. Such approach can contribute some portion in finding out the degree of risk and its influence in house investment market by the region in future.