This study paid attention to the politeness in the pragmatic competence of Korean language learners and analyzed Korean language textbooks for the reflection of Korean politeness. This paper contained the situation variable analysis, the politeness st...
This study paid attention to the politeness in the pragmatic competence of Korean language learners and analyzed Korean language textbooks for the reflection of Korean politeness. This paper contained the situation variable analysis, the politeness strategy and the politeness expression of requests by textbook and level. Before these analyses, the politeness strategy and the politeness expression which were showed in the precedent request studies or the latest TV drama series were analyzed and extracted. These were for preparing ‘the politeness strategies and the politeness expressions of Korean requests’ which was one of the analysis criterions.
The composition of this paper was as in the following.
In Chapter I, the need and the aim of this research were written and the precedent studies which were connected to the aim of these researches were considered. The precedent study which was connected to the precedent request studies, the request and the politeness were considered. That is why I would examine the politeness used in the request situation. And the precedent studies for the textbook analysis which were the main issue of this paper were examined. The research subjects were brought from the precedent study consideration and were the politeness of request which was showed on the textbook, namely the situation variable, the politeness strategy and the politeness expression.
In Chapter II, there was organized request and politeness as the theoretical background. The concept and the strategy of requests were considered because the range of the politeness study was limited to request in this study. And the concept of request became the selection criterion when the request was extracted from TV drama series and textbooks. The strategies of request became references when the strategy patterns of request were set up. The concept, the precedent consideration and the strategy of politeness were organized for setting up the politeness strategy patterns of request. Besides, the strategy patterns of request in English were also examined and be effective references for setting up the politeness strategy pattern of requests.
Chapter III has the method of study. The procedures of this study were explained in consecutive order. There were also described of the textbook analysis object, the process for preparing an analysis criterion and the analysis method. The objects of a textbook analysis were 1333 requests which were showed in the regular course textbook of 5 major Korean educational institutions. The textbook analysis criteria were the 3 situation variables, the politeness strategies and the politeness expressions of request. The 3 situation variables of request were the formality (whether formal or informal), the social distance (whether distant or intimate) and the social dimension of relative power (whether S<H or S=H or S>H). The politeness strategies of requests were 17 strategies which consisted 16 politeness strategies gotten through of meta-analyses of 9 precedent request studies and analysis of 20 TV drama series and a strategy of high frequency presented in Korean language textbook.
In Chapter IV, the consequences of textbook analysis were presented and discussed. First of all, the total analysis consequence of the whole Korean language textbooks was discussed and then the analysis consequences by textbook and by level were presented. The total analysis consequences also showed that requests leaned too much towards on an informal situation and a distant relation. The politeness strategies showed in requests were concentrated on several major strategies and also presented. Only 3 strategies, namely the minimizing the imposition, the using direct imperative and the using indirect imperative, of 17 politeness strategies of Korean requests which were set up in this paper, were presented intensively. And even if all the strategies which had 5 percent or more portions were gathered, these were concentrated only in 7 strategies and formed over 82 percent. This consequence was discussed and compared to the consequences of meta-analysis and the TV drama series analysis. In the analysis consequences by textbook, some textbook seemed similar dimensions with the whole analysis consequence but others seemed different dimensions. And there were discovered that all textbook had their method and whether or not that was the situation variables presentation and besides these had an effect on the analysis consequences. The politeness strategy distributions showed in each textbook were similar to the whole distribution. And the analysis consequences of Korean textbooks by level showed that the requests were covered 2nd level and 3rd level intensively and were concentrated in the informal situation on the beginning level and in the formal situation on the advanced level. In the informal situation, there were showed more the distant situations in the beginning level and more the intimate situations in the advanced level. Therefore the situation variables showed in textbooks were presented at an unbalanced ratio by level. The politeness strategy distributions were different from the whole analysis consequences because of different dimensions by level. After discussing the textbook analyses and getting the consequences, the improvement of textbook for Korean politeness expression education was proposed based on the discussion and the consequence.
Lastly, in Chapter V, the consequences of this paper were summarized and there was described an implication, a meaning and a suggestion of this paper. The consequence of this paper showed that the textbook was redeemed and improved in order to develop the pragmatic competence of Korean language learners. This paper had two significant meanings. One was this paper grouped the politeness strategy and the politeness expressions used in Korean requests and prepared basic information of the politeness expression education. The other was this paper checked the Korean educational field through the text analyses and emphasized the necessities of the politeness expression education.