Fundamental role of police is crime-prevention and criminal-arrest. Investigation is the most important role and activity among the many functions of police. So, investigation ability is an essential element for police. Korean national police began t...
Fundamental role of police is crime-prevention and criminal-arrest. Investigation is the most important role and activity among the many functions of police. So, investigation ability is an essential element for police. Korean national police began to operate "Investigation Police Specialty System" in 2005, to remove causes of weakening investigation ability and to reinforce investigation capacity. But, after five-years operation, it shows that the capacity of investigation has not been improved. As simple practical examples, when comparing the criminal arrest-ratio
with the outcome of people's-satisfaction-survey(about the police service) before and after of the operation of "Investigation Police Specialty System".
we can know that it is clear. After the operation of "Investigation Police Specialty System", arrest-ratio has declined and people's satisfaction about police service has not been improved. In conclusion, this facts shows that "Investigation Police Specialty System" has not contributed to the operation's main goal improving investigation capacity.
Among the several causes of this disappointing conclusion, in system management perspective, next questions are being raised. First, in the system structure perspective, despite of the operation of investigation police specialty system, there was no synthetic reorganization about the investigational function. The investigation section and the detective section which are mainly charge of investigation tasks in a police station have been reorganized as Team-system. But the other sections performing investigation remained under non-investigation department in its formation officially, and were assigned as "Investigation Police Specialty System" and so the structure of organization became malformation. And adopting "Crime type Specialized Team system", the specialized investigation team began to be in charge of accusation and complaint cases in addition to their original duty of project and perception cases and so this made the team do more "desk-duty" and weaken their investigation capacity.
Second, in the functional and operational perspective, an efficiency in function and process was not considered. So, definitude in setting categories and territories of each section's function is very low, and the weakened mediating function about overlapping tasks between sections made system operation efficiency worse. And functions and tasks being overlapped, conflicts among sections and teams are increasing.
Third, in manpower management perspective, "Investigation Police Specialty System" should have enough inflow of high quality human resources which include much experience and know-how. But, selecting and releasing a person into "Investigation Police Specialty System" is restrictive, so manpower management is very closed. The role of leader of "Crime type Specialized Team" is not reasonable, and differences in their rank make more internal conflicts. So it blocks harmonious investigation between teams.
Preceding researches about "Investigation Police Specialty System" have been concentrated on its contents diagnosis, or have remained just quantifying level based on investigation policemen's knowledge. Relatively, comprehensive outcome-research based on qualitative and quantitative one was insufficient. Thus, this research will be definitely distinguished from the former researches in an aspect of groping for redesigning the Police Station's Organization to manage "Investigation Police Specialty System" more efficiently, and for analyzing the problems which occurred after the operation of "Investigation Police Specialty System".
This research will evaluate the efficiency of "Investigation Police Specialty System", by comparing criminal arrest-ratio with the outcome of people's-satisfaction-survey(about police service) before and after of the operation of "Investigation Police Specialty System". And to compare with foreign police system, we will analyze the police's investigation organizations and management structures of the countries in Continental law party such as France, Germany, and Japan. And then we will find out some suggestions to redesign the police station's organization to improve the outcome of the investigation police specialty system.
To achieve these purpose of the research, this research will evaluate the outcome of the policemen who work in "Investigation Police Specialty System" of the first graded police station(Gyeongju, Pohang bukbu, Pohang nambu, Gumi and Gyeongsan) in Gyeongbuk provincial police agency. And it will find out what cause is most important and influential in redesigning an organization to improve the outcome of "Investigation Police Specialty System". Upon this, we will analyze problems in managing organization of the first graded police stations, and will find an improvement plan about the organization, function and management. The reason for researching about the first graded police stations is that korean police's investigation organization is integrated in the police stations.
This research will survey the outcome of "Investigation Police Specialty System", solution of the problems about the organization, function and man management of police station, and efficient redesign organization. The questionnaire in this survey will use Likert 5 scale (absolutely not 1point, absolutely right 5 points) and the respondents wrote for themselves. Research and analyzing methods are : First, reliability-analyzing to confirm the consistency of measuring items about valuing the outcome of "Investigation Police Specialty System" and system of police station's organization management. Second, cause-analyzing to confirm the validity of the causes of valuing organization management. Third, relation-analyzing to verify the relation between "Investigation Police Specialty Systems". Fourth, multiple regression-analyzing to verify the effects of the organization management valuing causes : system structure, function and task process and man management of "Investigation Police Specialty System".
Based on these analyzed results, opinion collection analysis will be taken about the system structure to redesign the first graded police stations, function and task process and man management. And to analyze a perception gap among investigation specialty sections and non specialty section, cross analyzing will be taken. Besides these, to complement limitations of this research's survey, a focus group interview of team leaders(inspector and senior inspector) will be paralleled.
The analyzed results about outcome, vision, function and task process, and man management in "Investigation Police Specialty System" through these approaches are as follows. First, in outcome valuation category, it showed that specialty about the investigation was a little higher, but efficiency in the investigation tasks and correspondence about investigation demands and satisfaction in both the inside and outside of "Investigation Police Specialty System" was low. Second, in vision valuation category, the understanding and sympathy about the organization's long term vision and strategy showed high, and the vision and strategy are thought to be carried out connected with their duties. Third, in system structure valuation category, they agreed that the chief of police station should be a superintendent general, and they preferred that investigation specialty section should be unified into one organization unit with separating whole police organization into support & prevention and investigation department. And conducting "Crime type Specialized Team system" made projecting and perceiving ability weaker, and they agreed that accusation and complaint cases charging the section should be established. Fourth, in function and task process valuation category, it showed that the definitude in setting categories and territories of each section's function was low. Separated and overlapped investigation tasks made it worse to cooperate among sections, and conflicts on them were severe. So the necessity for unifying whole tasks into the investigation section was high. Fifth, in man management valuation category, it showed that the criterion of selection and release of the investigation police specialty pool was not proper. The role of team leader was not proper, and there were some conflicts from disproportion of team leaders' ranks, and so cooperation investigation was recognized not harmonious.
This research has concluded that the solution for redesigning the police organization to improve the outcome of the investigation police specialty system, from three dimensions : system structure rationalization, enhancing function and task efficiency and enhancing man management efficiency. First, for the rationalization of organization of police station, there is the necessity to divide police station's organization into two groups of support & prevention section and investigation(specialty) section, to combine investigation specialty sections as one organization unit. The general affairs section, crime prevention section, guardy-traffic section and intelligence-national security section are should be unified under the support&prevention section(Department Ⅰ). And sections which consisted with investigation specialty policemen : investigation & detective section and traffic-investigation section should be unified under investigation section(Department Ⅱ). And to command and mediate these department, the head of Department Ⅰ and Department Ⅱ should be taken by senior superintendent, and police station's commander should be a superintendent general(senior superintendent is police station's commander now). This is to harmonize the human resource affair system of investigation specialty policemen, and also to command and mediate investigation activity. In the mean time, a new investigation section which charges accusation and complaint cases in Department Ⅱ completely should be established.
This is to prevent felonious criminal investigation team and intellectual offense investigation team from doing more "desk-duty" and weakening in their investigation capacity by being in charge of accusation and complaint cases. Second, to enhance the efficiency of function and task process, set each section's function, categories and territories more definitely. This is to prevent interferences and reiterations. So. there is the necessity to integrate all investigation tasks which were separated by functional classification to one investigation section.
Sections doing prevention and investigation at the same time(women-juvenile crime section, misdemeanor section and foreign investigation section) are impracticable to do their jobs with so few human resource. Therefore, tasks overlapped with felonious criminal investigation team or intellectual offense investigation team make efficiency weaken and cause conflicts among them. So, the investigation tasks of misdemeanor section should be transferred to intellectual offense investigation team of investigation section, the investigation tasks of women-juvenile crime section should be transferred to felonious criminal investigation team of detective section and the foreigner's crime investigation of foreign investigation section should be transferred to crime type specialized team.
With this, causes of conflicts from overlapping and interference in investigation tasks among sections will be eliminated. These unification of investigation tasks to investigation sections will make it easier to mediate each sections and so appointing cases to charged sections will be easier too. Third, to make man management more efficient, the criterion of selection and release of investigation police specialty pool should be more opened. To get out of closed man management which selects newbie only within the fixed number of people(investigation specialty policemen), there is the necessity to select 120% of the fixed number of people.
Exceeded personnels would be deployed in crime prevention department(police box) as the reserves of investigation specialty policemen. And whenever a vacant position occurs, recruit that reserves. This makes them understand their tasks more efficiently and cooperate in each other more harmoniously, because they have experienced other sections. And, the criterion releasing a person from investigation specialty should reflect their outcome. Every investigation specialty policemen should be evaluated on the measured outcome valuing system, and those who is not up to this standard should be released from investigation specialty policemen pool. Besides, to offer high quality public security services, the ratio of field leader should be raised gradually.
For this, it is necessary to consider a plan to absorb increasing inspectors caused by long-service inspector promotion system into police specialty policemen pool. The leaders of crime type specialized team should be field investigation agents, and team leader's rank should be fixed to senior inspector. Furthermore, "standard for team leader's own investigation cases" should me made precisely to make a team leader check out crime scene and command on field with teammates. And giving rights and responsibilities to team leaders will make them to do their best in crime scene investigations.
In conclusion, I wish solutions of the problems in managing investigation police specialty system and redesign plans of the police organization from this research would be used to raise korean investigation police's specialty and to reinforce investigation capacity. Futhermore, this would be a chance for police to get people's faith by police investigation service's improvement in quality and quantity based on redesigning plan of the police organization.