The purpose of this study was to make a close investigation into whether or not middle and high school students have participated in martial arts and have experienced the bullying according to school classes, to study patterns of bullying, social supp...
The purpose of this study was to make a close investigation into whether or not middle and high school students have participated in martial arts and have experienced the bullying according to school classes, to study patterns of bullying, social support, anger, patterns of anger expression and differences of emotional states and to analyze the influences of patterns of bullying in students who have participated in martial arts trained martial arts or not on the estimation of social support, anger, pattern of anger expression and emotional state. Data were collected for samples of total 2000 students, according to the classification into school students who haven't participated in martial arts regularly using convenience sampling and school students who have done regularly using judgement sampling. Then, as results of analysis for 1158 copies of data with X2 verification, t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis by SPSSWIN 14.0, except for 42 copes of data where some contents of investigation were left out or answers were judged as disingenuous among the data, several conclusions were derived as follows.
First, for the experience of bullying, the normal group among students who have participated in martial arts shows the largest number, then, ranked by the bully-group, the bully-victim group and the victim group in order. Further, among students who haven't done, the normal group shows the largest number, then the followings are the victim group, the bully-victim group and the bully group in order.
Second, there was no significant difference in language type and alienation type for bullying and alienation type and physical type for victim, according to the participation and non-participation in martial arts. Moreover, participants had higher in the scores of the physical type for bullying and non-participants had higher in the scores of the language type for victim.
Third, there was no significant difference in social supports of school students according to whether participation in martial arts or not.
Fourth, there was no significant difference in state anger according to participation and non-participation, and non-participants were higher in trait anger. Moreover, there was no significant difference between anger expression and anger control and non-participants were higher in anger suppression.
Fifth, there was no significant difference in loneliness according to participation and non-participation, but non-participants showed a higher degree in anxiety, depression and shyness, and self-esteem was shown low in participants.
Sixth, for the experience of bullying in middle school students, the normal group showed the highest degree, then the bullying-victim group, the bullying group and the victim group in order. Moreover, in high school students, the normal group occupied the highest, and the followings are the victim group, the bullying group and the bullying-victim group in order.
Seventh, for patterns of bullying according to school classes, there was no significant difference in alienation type for bullying and alienation type for victim, high school students showed a higher degree in language type for bullying, and language type and physical type for victim.
Eighth, for the anger according to school classes, high school students were higher in state and trait anger, in comparison with middle school students, also being higher in patterns of anger expression such as anger suppression, anger out and anger control.
Ninth, there was no significant difference in social supports of students according to school classes.
Tenth, there was no significant difference in self-esteem according to school classes, and high school students showed a higher degree in anxiety, depression, loneliness and shyness.
Eleventh, for the social support of participants according to experience of bullying, in general, the victim group was lower than the normal group, the bullying group and the bullying-victim group, and for the social support of non-participants, the bullying-victim group was lower, compared with the normal group, the bullying group and the victim group.
Twelfth, for the state anger of participants according to the experience of bullying, the bullying-victim group showed the highest degree, for the state anger of non-participants, the bullying-victim group and the victim group were higher, and the bullying group and the bullying-victim group showed higher degrees in trait anger. Moreover, the bullying-victim group and the victim group were higher in anger suppression of participants, and for anger suppression and anger out of non-participants, the normal group was lower than the bullying group, the bullying-victim group and the victim group.
Thirteenth, the loneliness and the shyness of participants according to the experience of bullying showed a higher degree in the bullying-victim group and the victim group, and, in general, for anxiety, depression and shyness of non-participants, the bullying-victim group and the victim group were higher than the normal group and the victim group.
Fourteenth, all the patterns of bullying of participants wasn't corresponded to regression model to estimate emotional support, evaluative support, informative support and material support. Moreover, the alienation type for victim exerted a bad influence on estimation of emotional support, evaluative support, informative support and material support, among bullying and damage types of non-participants.
Fifteenth, the language type for victim among patterns of bullying of participants had a positive influence on state anger, and the alienation type for bullying had a positive influence on trait anger. Moreover, among patterns of bullying of non-participants, the alienation types for bullying and victim had a positive influence on state anger, the alienation type and the language type for bullying had a positive influence on trait anger and the physical type for victim exerted a negative influence on it.
Sixteenth, among the patterns of bullying of participants, the alienation types for bullying and victim and the language type for victim had a positive effect on anger suppression, the alienation type and the language type for bullying had a positive influence on anger out, and the regression model to estimate anger control wasn't suitable. Moreover, the alienation type for bullying and the alienation type for victim, among the patterns of bullying of non-participants, had a positive effect on anger suppression, the physical type for bullying a bad effect on it, and the alienation type and the language type for bullying had a positive effect on anger out. Moreover, anger control was positively influenced by the language type and the physical type for victim.
Seventeenth, the language type for bullying, among the patterns of bullying of participants, had a negative influence on anxiety, the language type for victim did a positive effect on it. On depression the language type for victim had a positive effect, and the alienation type for victim exerted a positive effect on loneliness. Moreover, the alienation type and the language type for victim affected the shyness positively, the language type for bullying affected the self-esteem positively and the language type for victim affected it negatively. Moreover, the alienation types for bullying and victim affected the anger positively, among the patterns of bullying of non-participants, also affecting the depression positively, and the physical type for bullying affected the depression negatively. Moreover, the loneliness was positively influenced by the alienation types for bullying, and the alienation type and the language type for victim, also negatively by the physical type for victim. The shyness was positively affected by the alienation for bullying, and the alienation type and the language type for victim. However, the patterns of bullying of non-participants weren't corresponded to the regression model to estimate the self-esteem.
The above results were discussed on the basis of theoretical backgrounds on experiences of bullying, patterns of bullying, social supports, anger, anger expression and emotional states and results of previous studies.