한반도 鉇의 출현과 전개양상에 대한 연구 = A Study of the Appearance and Developmental Aspects of Sa(鉇) in the Korean Peninsula

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sa(鉇), Which has function as End-scraper, has been called various words like Spear, Dagger, horse helmet, Sa(鉇), Myeol-do(篾刀), Sak(削), Gwal-do(刮刀). This reflects that there were no agreement reached on use of Sa(鉇). Recently, Sa(鉇) has been regarded as a woodworking tool, so it has a tendency to use words as Sa(鉇) and Gwal-do(刮刀). However, I hesitate to judge Sa(鉇) simply as a woodworking tool, because there were just written about usage of Sa(鉇) without explaining shape in 『ShiMing(釋名)』, and there were no links which can be filled up in a blank between the previous Han Dynasty and the 18th century. On the other hand, I can recognize that Sak(削) which was unnoticed before, has several similarities with Sa(鉇) on investigation literature materials about Sak(削), in detail there was dolsun(突線) in the middle of body and crescent shaped cross-section like as Sa(鉇), and also it has no shape change despite the repeated reuse. Moreover I can notice that Sak(削) was an easer for deleting misprints before Seo-do(書刀) was started to use. Therefore I examined the appearance and developmental aspects of Sa(鉇) which is regarded as Sak(削), through form classification. I carried form classification of Sa(鉇) out into two attributes. The primary attribute was classified as woody and floor plan, and the secondary one was sorted into cross-section of body and blade parts. As a result, I confirmed that quality of the material was changed bronze into iron under the influence of Warring States Iron Culture, and the floor plan was also changed in serial order as bamboo leaf type(Ⅰ·Ⅱ類)→slotted type(Ⅲ類)→up-and-down symmetry type(Ⅳ類)→arrowhead type(Ⅴ類). According to monuments and associations, Sa(鉇) appeared in B.C. 4C.~the first half of the B.C. 3C. and buried in tomb till the 5th century.
The character was introduced into the Korean Peninsula combined with appearance of Sa(鉇). In the early stage of character acceptance, the level of character usage might be elementary just for trade, because modification of character system were not completed, even in China. Since then, the Chin dynasty unified China, and the character system eventually modified. In accordance with the Four commanderies of the Han China were established in the Korean Peninsula, it was able to use systematic character. For the first time, the aspects of the character usage converged on certain individuals or pedigrees, and then the character expanded to the other class, because of complex organization of society. Finally it acted key element as formation of the nation. Meanwhile, Sa(鉇) lost its own symbolism gradually, because of appearance of Seo-do(書刀), occurrence of Hand-knife, expansion of character usage and relief of political activity than trade. After all, Sa(鉇) faded away as tomb furnishings in tomb.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말=1
• Ⅱ. 先行硏究 檢討와 硏究方法=3
• 1. 先行硏究 檢討=3
• 2. 問題提起 및 硏究方法=7
• Ⅲ. 韓半島 出土 鉇의 形式分類 및 段階設定=13
• 1. 遺蹟現況 =13
• 2. 形式分類 =30
• 3. 段階設定 =78
• Ⅳ. 鉇의 用途 檢討=88
• 1. 中國 鉇의 用途=88
• 2. 韓半島 鉇의 用途 檢討=109
• Ⅴ. 鉇의 出現과 展開樣相=115
• 1. 鉇의 出現=115
• 2. 鉇의 展開過程=119
• Ⅵ. 맺음말=136
• 참고문헌=138
• 영문초록=147