성폭력 피해아동의 피해경험에 대한 합의적 질적 연구 = (The)Consensual Qualitative Research of Sexually Abused Children's Victimized Experience

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 성폭력 피해아동의 피해경험을 탐색하고자 한 것이다. 연구대상자는 성폭력 피해를 경험한 12~15세의 아동으로 이들은 모두 강간 또는 유사성교의 피해를 입었으며 사건을 폭로한 후 2년 이내의 기간인 경우이다. 피해아동들을 대상으로 개별면접을 실시하고 면접 자료를 합의적 질적 연구(Consensual Qualitative Research)방법을 이용해 분석하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to explore the victimized experience of sexually abused children. The study group included the sexually abused children with age between 12 and 15 years old who were experienced either rape or genital contact, and disclosed within 2 years of accidents. I have interviewed them individually and analyzed the data by the consensual qualitative research methods.
The results revealed that most of sexually abused children experienced various psychological symptoms. The psychological reaction of accidents at that time included that she thought the sexual behaviour was dirty, thought of escaping that situation, experienced the anger and phobia against the offender, anxiety, fear, sorrow, misery, and painful emotion, and were frozen by the overwhelmed situation. After the accident, she experienced the sorrow, helplessness, fear, and anxiety in terms of emotional area, and the insomnia, nightmare, eating problems, the difficulties in controlling behavior in terms of behavioral area, and the physical symptom(i.e., somatization, gynecologial symptom) in terms of physical area. The intrusive thought(i.e., at the time to experience the stimulus related to the accident, remain in silence, during class) about the accident and its re-experience evoked the difficulties in maintaining daily routines. In school, the pain and fear about the rumor were developed through various aspects, which caused the secondary demage, the conflicts with colleagues, change of school, and the drop of learning capability, resulting in the maladaptation in school life. The standpoint of sex displayed the distorted aspects including the wrong view about male, a hatred about sex, an enlarged acquaintance with the other sex, and crippled view of marriage.
Moreover, the self concept and coping style of sexually abused children affected the psychological symptoms, and three factors were interacted mutually, which were further affected by the results of accident disclosure and the after-reaction of families. The self concept included both the negative internal attribution considering the causes of all accidents as herself and the external attribution displaying the rageful emotion against the offender, and showed the feeling being dirtied and worthless, and the down-graded pride. The coping styles include the avoidant coping (i.e., keeping busy all the time, denial and suppression, avoidance of stimulus related to the accident, and run-away), self-destructive coping (i.e., drug abuse, seizure of game, and suicidal behavior), dissociative mechanism of numbing and derealization. In the case of accident disclosure, she chose friends with the similar age as the primary object of disclosure, but in most cases, it was disclosed by the another's intention. All children of sexually abuse showed the delayed disclosure due to the fear of rumor and blame, disgrace, the fear of negative effects on family relationship, and to fright of close inquiry of responsibility. After disclosure, they felt the anxiety and fear due to negative reaction by families.
The analysis of patterns for each case was performed in order to investigate how the psychological symptom of sexually abused children in each individual develops, which showed 4 patterns-'expressing type', 'denial-suppressing type', 'unawaring type', and 'solitude type'. We could understand the victimized experience of sexually abused children deeply, as the extent of psychological symptoms and the way they express showed different patterns. In this study, as the psychological symptom of sexually abused children and its affecting factors was analyzed through her experience, my result have its significance as providing the basis for the psychological intervention.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구 목적 5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 6
• 1. 아동 성폭력 6
• 가. 아동 성폭력의 개념 6
• 나. 아동 성폭력 피해 발생률 7
• 다. 아동 성폭력에서의 아동기에 대한 규정 8
• 라. 아동 성폭력 피해에 관한 모델 10
• 2. 성폭력 피해아동의 심리적 증상 14
• 가. 성폭력 피해로 인한 정서적, 행동적, 신체적 영향 14
• 나. 외상 후 스트레스 장애 17
• 다. 학교생활 19
• 라. 성의 발달 21
• 3. 성폭력 피해아동의 자기개념과 대처방식 23
• 4. 성폭력 피해아동의 사건에 대한 폭로와 가족반응 28
• 5. 합의적 질적 연구 32
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 38
• 1. 연구참여자 38
• 2. 연구도구 41
• 3. 자료수집 절차 43
• 4. 자료분석 방법 45
• Ⅳ. 결과 51
• 1. 성폭력 피해아동의 심리적 증상 54
• 가. 사건당시 심리적 반응 59
• 나. 사건 후 정서반응과 행동적, 신체적 영향 64
• 다. 사건에 대한 기억 71
• 라. 학교생활 77
• 마. 성에 대한 관점 83
• 2. 성폭력 피해아동의 심리적 증상에 영향을 미치는 요인 89
• 가. 자기개념 89
• 나. 대처방식 96
• 다. 사건에 대한 폭로 104
• 라. 가해자 및 비가해 가족과의 관계 116
• 3. 개별사례 유형분석 133
• 가. 표출형 134
• 나. 부인ㆍ억제형 146
• 다. 비자각형 153
• 라. 고립형 156
• Ⅴ. 논의 161
• 1. 성폭력 피해아동의 피해경험 161
• 2. 피해경험의 발달적 특성 174
• 3. 한국 상황에서의 피해경험 특성 178
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 184
• 1. 연구의 의의 및 제한점 184
• 2. 실천적 적용을 위한 제안 186
• 참고문헌 189
• 영문초록 205
• 부록 208