현대 국어의 신어 형성 연구 = (A) Study on New Word Formation in Modern Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that morphologic mechanisms and semantic mechanisms play an important role in the formation of new Korean words. Analogy, word formation rule, and word clipping involve morphologic mechanisms. Metaphor and metonymy involve semantic mechanisms. In order to explain the process of new word formation of living Korean we uses cognitive linguistics. This study is intended to approach the problems from a cognitive linguistics point-of-view, as opposed to that of autonomous linguistics.
We begin with doubts about whether a clipped form is a morpheme or not. This paper will attempt to answer that question. What is it that enables a clipped form to be recognized as a morpheme? Contiguity causes the clipped form to be recognized as a morpheme. We call that form a temporary morpheme. Thus semantic transfer occurs and the referential domain is extended. Moreover, if clipped forms are, in fact, morphemes, it implies that a change is required in the system of word formation. Clipped compound words should not be included in the system of word formation, since clipped forms are not essentially morphemes, but rather are only recognized as morphemes due to the operation of metonymy.
In Chapter 2, we explain what a word is and define what is a new word? Korean word formation method is classified with 2 parts. The first one is morphologic method and another one is sematic method.
Korean word formation mechanisms can divide into morphologic and semantic mechanisms. Analogy, word formation rule and word clipping involve morphologic mechanisms. The clipping mechanism is very important because there are many clipped words in Korean new words. However, these new words cannot be included in the system of word formation in Korean. The reason is, Sometimes eumjol-acronyms are not morphemes in Korean. Rather, in order to include new words, we propose a new system of word formation
In Chapter 3, we show the many Korean new words that are made by analogy. Sometimes we should explain new word formation by word formation rules. There are two conditions required for analogy to work effectively. First, sufficient words must be listed in the mental lexicon. Second, the listed words must be organized according to specific patterns. Analogy might occur based on individual word, or on analogical schemas.
In Chapter 4, we show many Korean new words that are made by clipping. There are two kinds of clipped words. One is morphologically clipped words another one is syntactically clipped combined words. Syntactically clipped combined words are to be classified into 3 items. The first item is a clipped form in accordance with Korean syntactic structure. The second item is a clipped form in accordance with the syntactic structure of a foreign language. The last item is a clipped form which refers to the lexicon. Most of the last item is related in puns
In Chapter 5, we demonstrate that metaphor and metonymy are the proper mechanisms by which the semantic domain is extended, and are important cognitive strategies behind the creation of new words.
In Chapter 6, The conclusion, Analogy, word formation rules and clipping are the morphologic mechanisms of new word formation process. Also Metaphor and metonymy play important roles in the word formation process of living Korean new words, through extending the semantic domain, thereby creating a new word.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1. 문제 제기 및 연구의 목적 1
• 1.2. 기존 연구의 검토 10
• 1.3. 연구 자료의 대상과 성격 14
• 1.4. 신어생성 기제 설명을 위한 기본적인 논의 15
• 1.5. 연구 방법 및 논의의 구성 23
• 2. 국어의 단어형성 체계 26
• 2.1. 신어에 대한 개념 검토 26
• 2.1.1. 단어 개념에 대한 검토 26
• 2.1.2. 새로운 단어(신어)의 개념 규정 31
• 2.2. 단어형성법과 단어의 분류 38
• 2.2.1. 단어형성 관련 용어의 개념 규정 38
• 2.2.2. 단어형성기제의 설정과 종류 40
• 2.2.3. 형태적 기제에 의한 단어형성 42
• 2.2.3.1. 규칙 43
• 2.2.3.2. 유추 48
• 2.2.4. 형태축소에 의한 단어형성 50
• 2.2.4.1. 형태축소와 임시형태소의 설정 50
• 2.2.4.2. 형태축소어의 단어형식 분류 55
• 2.2.4.3. 단어형성의 기제가 되는 절단 61
• 2.2.5. 의미적 기제에 의한 단어형성 64
• 2.2.5.1. 의미적 기제 설정의 관점과 이론적 배경 64
• 2.2.5.2. 의미적 기제로 형성된 단어의 단어형식 분류 68
• 2.2.5.3. 단어형성의 의미적 기제 73
• 2.2.5.3.1. 은유 73
• 2.2.5.3.2. 환유 74
• 2.3. 단어형성기제의 작동 76
• 3. 형태적 기제에 의한 현대국어의 신어생성 81
• 3.1. 규칙에 의한 신어생성 81
• 3.1.1. 규칙의 문제점 81
• 3.1.2. 규칙에 의한 단어형성 87
• 3.2. 유추에 의한 신어생성 90
• 3.2.1. 유추의 개념 90
• 3.2.2. 유추의 모형 92
• 3.2.2.1. 표면적 유사성에 근거한 유추 93
• 3.2.2.1.1. 음절 대치 93
• 3.2.2.1.2. 단어 대치 98
• 3.2.2.2. 구조적 유사성에 근거한 유추 99
• 3.2.2.2.1. 성별에 의한 유추 99
• 3.2.2.2.2. 접사에 의한 유추 101
• 3.2.2.2.3. 상대 개념에 의한 유추 103
• 3.2.3. 요약 105
• 4. 형태축소에 의한 현대국어의 신어생성 106
• 4.1. 형태적 절단어 106
• 4.2. 통사적 절단어 108
• 4.2.1. 외국어 통사구조 차용 절단어 111
• 4.2.2. 국어 통사구조 절단어 113
• 4.2.3. 개념적 통사구성의 절단어 114
• 4.2.4. 어휘부 참조 통사구성의 절단어 116
• 4.3. 혼성어를 위한 절단 118
• 4.3.1. 혼성의 개념과 유형 118
• 4.3.2. 혼성어의 생성원인 124
• 4.3.3. 혼성의 유형 125
• 4.3.3.1. 동의적(同意的) 혼성어 125
• 4.3.3.2. 등위적(等位的) 혼성어 126
• 4.3.3.3. 연어적(連語的) 혼성어 126
• 4.3.4. 정리 126
• 4.4. 요약 127
• 5. 의미적 기제에 의한 현대국어의 신어생성 128
• 5.1. 은유에 의한 신어생성 128
• 5.1.1. 은유의 특성 128
• 5.1.2. 단어의 의미 확장에 개입하는 은유 129
• 5.1.3. 자립명사의 접사화에 개입하는 은유 133
• 5.1.3.1. ‘방’의 접미사화 133
• 5.1.3.2. ‘꽃-’, ‘떡-’의 접두사화 136
• 5.2. 환유에 의한 신어생성 138
• 5.2.1. 환유의 특성 138
• 5.2.2. 단어의 의미 확장에 개입하는 환유 139
• 5.2.3. 외래어․외국어의 재구조화된 접사 생성에 개입하는 환유 146
• 5.3. 신어생성에서 은유 및 환유의 상호 작용 151
• 5.4. 요약 153
• 6. 결론 및 제언 154
• 6.1. 결론 154
• 6.2. 남은 문제 156
• * 참고 문헌 159