The purpose of this study was to present a concrete analysis of the contents of 「competition activities」 in physical education. In this context, the research questions were posed to achieve the objectives of this study. First, how are the contents...
The purpose of this study was to present a concrete analysis of the contents of 「competition activities」 in physical education. In this context, the research questions were posed to achieve the objectives of this study. First, how are the contents of dodge competition activities in physical education organized? Second, how are the contents of territory competition activities in physical education organized? Third, what are the contents of field competition activities in physical education organized? Fourth, how are the contents of net competition activities in physical educaton organized?
In order to answer the research questions in this study, the author
reviewed literatures including The Elementary and Secondary Curriculum (No. 2007-79), The Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 2007a), The Elementary Curriculum(The Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 2007b), The Secondary School Curriculum(The Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 2007c), The Curriculum for Physical Education(The Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 2007d), The Elementary School Curriculum Manual V(The Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, 2008), The Secondary School Curriculum Manual IV(The Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, 2008b), The Physical Education Teacher's Guides Volume 7(for the third to ninth grade), and seven physical education textbooks(for the third to ninth grade).
The major findings of the study were as follows: the main examples of dodge competition activities included tag and dodge ball. The main examples of tag were "avoiding crocodiles" and "relay tag", and the main examples of dodge ball were "shield dodge ball" and "simple dodge ball". In tag, it is important to consider using detection for an advantageous position, being cautious of injury by collision. It is also important to ensure that students of lower athletic ability can participate. In dodge ball, it is important to consider not throwing balls toward faces and establishing the rules of the game by mutual agreement in advance.
The main examples of territory competition activities included rugby, basketball, soccer, and hockey. In rugby, it is important to consider emphasizing and practicing fair play and coopportion, minimizing the possibility of injury by using rubber balls, and preventing accidents from excessive competitiveness. In basketball, it is important to consider using a soft volleyball or basketball suitable for the students' level and helping students realize the strategies and tactics by pnt enting the game and the rules. In soccer, it is important to consider not emphasizing high-level functions and encouraging fair play. In hockey, it is important to consider being cautious by not brandishing hockey sticks excessively and not hitting defensees.. It is necesser bto introduce the importance of teamwork. The main examples of territory competition sports were soccer, basketball, handball, hockey, rugby, and futsal. The study ronsmmends introducing modified rules for establisherriports is werritory competion sports: futsal which uses principles of soccer, netball which uses principles of basketball, ingukball which uses principles of handball, and floorball which uses principles of hockey.
The main examples of field competition activities included fist baseball, simplicity kickball, and simplicity baseball. In fist baseball, it is important to consider for the students to establish the methods and rules of the game by themselves, and to participate in the game while thinking about where they should kick the ball. In simplicity kickball, it is important to consider removing fear of the ball, thinking about the relations between the position of one's foot and the direction of the ball. In simplicity baseball, it is important to consider controlling the methods and rules of the game to make them suited to the level of the students and to ensure that they enjoy participating in the game. The main examples of field competitive sports included softball, baseball, and kickball. The new main examples of field competitive sports included teeball in which principles of baseball are applied.
The main examples of net competition activities included simplicity foot volleyball, simplicity badminton, simplicity tennis, and simplicity volleyball. In simplicity foot volleyball, it is important to consider not showing excessive behaviors upon scoring and making situations in which the same group consistently scores. In simplicity badminton, it is important to consider re-constructing activity contents by level and phase while considering the shape of the playground and the number of participants. In simplicity tennis, it is important to consider participating in the game by using tools suitable for situations when rain ts are toonseavy or big. It is also necessary to ensure that groups are well-balanced and do not consist of only students with superior functions. In simplicity volleyball, it is important to consider evenly arranging students with superior functions while making groups and helping students to fulfil the roles required by their positions. The main examples of net competition sports included volleyball, badminton, table tennis, tennis, and foot volleyball. The new main examples of net competition sports included volleyball, indiaca in which badminton is applied, and free tennis in which tennis and table tennis are applied.
In conclusion, competition activities in physical education can be divided into dodge, territory, field, and net competition. The applied competition activities were focused on mastering basic functions and game strategies and the application of them to a field game. Competition activities are focused on mastering basic functions and game strategies and the application of them to a field game. Competition activities had the following educational effects. The experience of participating in dodge games such as dodge ball and tag had educational effects of practicing understanding of others. The experience of participating in territory games and sports such as soccer, basketball, handball, hockey, rugby, and futsal had educational effects in terms of practicing teamwork, fair play, leadership, and following instructions. The experience of participating in field games and sports such as softball, baseball, kickball, and teeball had educational effects in terms of practicing self- and social responsibility. The experience of participating in net games and sports such as volleyball, badminton, table tennis, and foot volleyball had educational effects in terms of practicing sport etiquette and playing etiquette.