Although the Korean agricultural cooperative has came to be placed in circumstances that it is difficult to fulfill the basic purpose of the cooperative, "service of actual expenses for the members and improvement of socioeconomic status of them", owi...
Although the Korean agricultural cooperative has came to be placed in circumstances that it is difficult to fulfill the basic purpose of the cooperative, "service of actual expenses for the members and improvement of socioeconomic status of them", owing to continuous declining importance of agriculture in the national economy, decrease in the members, contraction of the domestic agricultural production, urbanization of life standards, changes of consciousness, and so on, it is trying to come up with plans of its effective performance management and its performance improvement in order to achieve the basic purpose and to strengthen the survival and the competitiveness of the organization.
The performance management of the Korean agricultural cooperative follows the present regulation for achievement evaluation and has problems including too much emphasis on the credit business centered on financial performance, imbalance about distribution of human and material resources, inherent disputes about unfairness of achievement evaluation results, lack of sharing visions and strategies of the organization members, etc. Also, the range of business is limited by applying the Agriculture Unions Act that clearly stipulates that the
cooperative and the federation can't do business for profit or speculation, and characteristics of a non-profit organization including public characteristics unlike a general private organization are shown because the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forest, and Fisheries acts the superintendency.
Demands about reorganization of the business structure of Korean Agricultural Cooperative Federation and about reform of agricultural cooperatives including farmer's groups recently discussed are based on the problems above discussed and characteristics as a non-profit organization, and it has been suggested that a new performance management system in accord with unique characteristics of the Korean agricultural cooperative is necessary to be introduced, and it is expected to introduce BSC considering balanced factors in accord with the establishment purpose of the Korean agricultural cooperative.
This paper analyzed the operating level of the existing(currently under application) performance management system in the Korean agricultural cooperative and drew limitations, and thus suggested the necessity of the introduction of BSC about performance management of the Korean agricultural cooperative.
In this study, in order to fulfill the purpose of study, the range of objects of study was determined around Korean Agricultural Cooperative Federation targeted in reorganization of business structures, and the method of study combined literature studies with empirical investigations. Differences among departments were analyzed through ANOVA including frequency analysis in order to understand demographic characteristics of collected materials through a survey.
The research model was formed around 4 kinds of perspectives considering unique characteristics of the Korean agricultural cooperative, and through operational definition about the four perspectives, the financial perspective can consider generally net profits during the term and operating profits, returns on investment, growth rates of sales, and cost reductions as its consideration factors, but this study considered attainment rate of the target profit, non-interest profits, return on the loans in Korean Won, soundness-loan default rate, financing(growth of extending credit), cash flow(growth of giving credit), charge growth, credit card charges, insurance charges, foreign exchange charges, sales of agricultural and stockbreeding products, and sales of farming and livestock materials, and the customer perspective can consider generally customer satisfaction, maintenance of the existing customers, security of new
customers, and market share, but this paper considered the numbers of based and preferred customers, CRM customer management, customer satisfaction-CS. The internal process perspective can consider generally responses on demands of customers, qualities demanded by customers, and production costs and introductions of new products meeting demands of customers, but this paper considered centralization/automation/simplification/outsourcing of businesseses by restructuring of business processes, improvement of customer services, restructuring of sales processes, strategic products, and a strategic business(agricultural financial money) as its consideration factors, and the learning and growth perspective can consider organization members' satisfaction, maintenance of organization members, and productivity of organization members, but this paper considered job satisfaction of the organization members, organizational commitment, education and training, organizational culture and mood, and a communication system.
Based on the research model through the suggestion of the necessity of links between performance management and BSC in the Korean agricultural cooperative, factors of the successful introduction and the application plans shown in the overall analysis on the organization members' recognition are summarized as follows. First, continuous efforts are necessary to speak for profits of farmers who are the economical weak, by overcoming limitations about too much emphasis on the credit business centered on financial performance, and so on, and to have the eternality as an organization taking a role to support financially disadvantaged people, a role of criterion about competitions and a market leader, and a role of business performances of the model of cooperatives and a partner of Government about agricultural policy projects.
Second, it is shown that 76.9% of all the people surveyed sympathize with the necessity of the introduction of BSC as a new performance management system, and weights according to evaluation items in the four perspectives are shown that the weight of the customer perspective is a bit higher with 23.8% of the financial perspective, 34.7% of the customer perspective, 20.8% of the internal process perspective, and 15.2% of the learning and growth perspective. Meanwhile, as there is no big difference in the analysis among groups related to the introduction of BSC and they sympathize with the necessity as above examined, the successful introduction of BSC using its merits and the application are demanded.
For these, it is necessary to reconstruct structures of business organizations, to maximize customer satisfaction, to share learning and knowledge, to share visions and strategies, to strengthen bargaining power in market, and to construct a reward system and a feedback system about evaluation, and it can be said that communication, applications as means for performance measurements, and applications as a strategic management system are important.
The Korean agricultural cooperative constructed BPR for improvement of business processes centered on the credit business part of Korean Agricultural Cooperative Federation and it is expected to introduce BSC owing to the necessity of the introduction of a new performance management system by the reorganization of business structures, and so on.
The meaning of this study can be found in that it provides the basis in order to reduce try and error that companies, who have introduced BSC, experienced, by suggesting successful factors and application plans for the introduction on the basis of the recognition survey of the organization members at the introduction time of BSC as a strategic performance management system of the Korean agricultural cooperative, and in that it provides the basis of consideration factors when organizations whose organizational characters are similar to the Korean agricultural cooperative introduce BSC.
Key Words : Performance Management, BSC, Achievement Evaluation, Non-Profit Organization, The Four Perspectives(the financial perspective, the customer perspective, the internal process perspective, and the learning and growth perspective), Factors of Successful Introduction, Application Plans