한국어 칭찬표현과 반응의 화행 결속기능 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study on the Speech Act Coherence Function of the Complimenting Expression and Responses in Korean Language

Ran, Sook Kang
Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language
Department of Korean Language and Literature
Graduate School of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

The previous discussions on complimenting speech act has focused on identifying the differences in the patterns of putting the complimenting speech act into practice from the sociocultural perspective. In particular, Korean language education as a foreign language education places high importance on the issue of 'politeness' as the pattern to put into practice the complimenting speech act which is appropriate for the target language society. However, some researchers (Dunham;1992, Billmayer;1990) asserted that it is rather helpful to teach the foreign language speakers in the speech course to actively practice the complimenting speech act in increasing their speech skills than leads to pragmatic failure. It means that the complimenting speech act may play various roles on many dimensions in the actual communication process. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the characteristics of complimenting speech act used in Korean 'conversation', 'dialogue' and 'conversation' through the complimenting expressions and responses used from the linguistic perspective and to examine their speech act coherence function in the actual conversation.
Chapter 2 examined the concept of speech act coherence and adjacency pair theory as the theoretical background as well as the related theories to the principles of speech act coherence function applied to the actual conversation. Chapter 3 described the methodologies and study model used in this study, which reviewed the previous studies on complimenting expressions and responses and suggested the adjacency model and continuum model for the complimenting expressions and responses applied to this study. The data for this study included the complimenting expressions and responses derived from 'conversation', 'dialogue' and 'conversation' and was limited to those in which the 'complimenting expression and response' consist of one adjacency pair. The complimenting expressions were classified into 8 categories including 'emotion expressing type', 'impression evaluating type', 'direct complimenting type', 'encouraging type', 'social etiquette type', 'flattering type', 'recommending type' and 'indirectly complimenting type' referring to the 5 classification criteria in 田辺洋二(1996). The complimenting responses were classified into largely two categories including 'agree' and 'disagree' referring to the classification criteria of Herbert (1989), in which the 'agree' category included two subcategories of 'agree directly' and 'agree indirectly' and the 'disagree' category two subcategories of 'recognize' and 'not recognize'.
Chapter 4 extracted the cases of complimenting expressions used in 'conversation', 'dialogue' and 'conversation', comparatively analyze them and defined the characteristics of complimenting expressions in Korean language. The analysis results showed that while 'conversation' and 'conversation' revealed the complimenting expressions of 'impression evaluating type' most, the 'dialogue' revealed 'emotion expressing type' most. The results of complimenting response analysis in chapter 5 showed that 'joke' responses hardly found in 'dialogue' were actively used in 'conversation' and 'conversation', and 'acceptance', 'reduction', 'circulating compliments' were represented importantly in the 'dialogue'. Chapter 5 derived the adjacency pairs focusing on the types most frequently used in the actual conversation based on the results in chapter 4 and 5 and examined the cases in the actual conversations for each type. Chapter 6 analyzed the functions of adjacency pairs consisting of complimenting expressions and responses in conversation continuum. The results from the usage patterns of adjacency pairs in the conversation structure showed that while they were evenly used in the front, middle and later part of the 'dialogue' and 'conversation', they were mostly used in the front and later part of the 'conversation'. The difference in the usage patterns of the adjacency pairs of complimenting speech act suggested that the adjacency pairs are associated with 'relevance' in 'conversation' and function as 'intentionality' in the 'dialogue' and 'listener induction', 'topic induction' and 'consensual response' in the 'conversation'. Therefore, to make a conclusion on the study results, the adjacency pairs consisting of complimenting expression and response in Korean language used in 'conversation', 'dialogue' and 'conversation' show the situation-dependent flexibility rather observing 'politeness' in Korean language. In addition, it was found that while as the shared knowledge among the participants is higher, the relevance becomes higher, no-relevance leads to disruption of the conversation. Therefore, this study results indicate that to make the adjacency pairs of complimenting expressions and responses represent practicality in the speech education of Korean language as a foreign language, it is necessary to actively use the communing communication function related to the coherence rather than to emphasize the politeness.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1장. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적 1
• 1.2. 선행연구 검토 7
• 1.3. 논문 구성 17
• 2장. 화행 결속성에 관한 이론적 배경 19
• 2.1. 화행 결속성의 개념 19
• 2.2. 인접쌍 이론 24
• 3장. 연구 모형 28
• 3.1. 분석대상 및 자료수집 방법 29
• 3.2. 연구모형 개발 34
• 3.2.1. 칭찬표현 분석 기준 35
• 3.3.2. 칭찬반응 분석 기준 45
• 4장. 담화유형에 따른 칭찬 표현 비교 분석 57
• 4.1. 칭찬 표현 유형 58
• 4.1.1. 감정 표명형 60
• 4.1.2. 소감 평가형 63
• 4.1.3. 직접 칭찬형 66
• 4.1.4. 격려 칭찬형 68
• 4.1.5. 축하 인사형 70
• 4.1.6. 빈말형 71
• 4.1.7. 추천형 73
• 4.1.8. 간접 칭찬형 75
• 4.2. 칭찬표현 유형 비교 분석 결과 77
• 5장. 담화유형에 따른 칭찬 반응 비교 분석 80
• 5.1. 칭찬반응 유형 81
• 5.1.1. 동의의 유형 82
• 5.1.1.1. 직접동의 82
• 5.1.1.2. 간접동의 95
• 5.1.2. 부동의의 유형 108
• 5.1.2.1. 인식 109
• 5.1.2.2. 인식하지 않음 117
• 5.2. 칭찬반응 비교 분석 결과 119
• 6장. 칭찬표현과 반응 인접쌍의 연속체 기능 분석 124
• 6.1. 담화 유형별 인접쌍 유형과 특징 125
• 6.1.1. 칭찬표현과 반응 인접쌍 유형 125
• 6.1.1.1. 대화의 인접쌍 125
• 6.1.2. 회화 제시문의 인접쌍 135
• 6.1.2.1. 동의유형 136
• 6.1.2.2. 부동의 유형 139
• 6.1.3. 회화의 인접쌍 142
• 6.1.3.1. 동의유형 142
• 6.1.3.2. 부동의 유형 145
• 6.1.4. 담화 유형별 인접쌍 비교 분석 결과 147
• 6.2. 칭찬표현과 반응 연속체 기능 분석 150
• 6.2.1. 담화유형별 칭찬표현과 반응 연속체 유형 151
• 6.2.1.1. 대화의 연속체 구조 155
• 6.2.1.1.1. 2유형 155
• 6.2.1.1.2. 3유형 156
• 6.2.1.1.3. 4유형 156
• 6.2.1.2. 회화제시문의 연속체 구조 157
• 6.2.1.2.1. 2유형 157
• 6.2.1.2.2. 3유형 158
• 6.2.1.2.3. 4유형 159
• 6.2.1.2.4. 5유형 160
• 6.2.1.3. 회화의 연속체 구조 161
• 6.2.1.3.1. 2유형 161
• 6.2.1.3.2. 3유형 162
• 6.2.1.3.3. 4유형 162
• 6.2.1.4. 칭찬표현과 반응 연속체 유형 분석 결과 163
• 7장. 결론 167
• 참고문헌 172
• Abstract 187