한국어 친족 호칭 '언니/누나', '오빠/형'의 의미 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study on Meanings of
Korean Kinship Terms of Address ‘언니/누나’, ‘오빠/형’

Kim, Seung Hwa
Department of Korean Language and Literature
Majoring in Korean as a Foreign Language
The Graduate School of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

Most of the languages have their own terms of address systems that reflect their culture. Since it is very important to accept social and cultural systems of the target language for foreign language learners, teaching Korean terms of address is necessary for KFL students. They need to learn how to use Korean terms of address properly to communicate with Koreans.
This study presents a study on meanings of Korean kinship terms of address ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’, ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’. The purpose of this study is to systematize meanings of Korean kinship terms by analyzing female terms of address ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’ and male terms of address ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’ on the basis of the cognitive semantics. ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’ and ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’ are originally used between siblings, but being used in social relationships and many situations, they have had various meanings in Korean society. This unique linguistic phenomenon shows Korean culture that the family is the nucleus of the community.
From the point of view of the prototype theory and family resemblance by cognitive semantics, this study assumes that each of ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’, ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’ has its own category by cognition of Korean native speakers. There are the prototypical meaning and extended meanings in the category and these meanings are related to each other and form a meaning chain.
To systematize meanings of ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’ and ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’, this study analyzes the prototypical meaning with five dictionaries and extended meanings with verbal texts of modern Korean language including <21th Century Sejong Project> and scripts of several movies and TV dramas. The following is the result of the analysis of ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’, ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’.
The prototypical meaning of ‘언니(eonni)’ is ‘a term of address which is used when a female sender calls the older female receiver who has the same parents as the sender’. The extended meanings of ‘언니(eonni)’ are ‘a term of address which is used when a female sender calls the older female receiver who is close to the sender’, ‘a term of address which is used when a male sender calls a female receiver who knows the sender’, ‘a term of address which is used when a female customer calls a female sales clerk’, ‘a term of address which is used when a male customer calls a female sales clerk’, ‘a term of address which is used when a female sales clerk calls a female customer’ and ‘a term of address which is used when a male and female sender calls a male and female receiver to show the female reference's position or job’. ‘언니(eonni)’ has the most various extended meanings among ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’, ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’.
The prototypical meaning of ‘누나(nuna)’ is ‘a term of address which is used when a male sender calls the older female receiver who has the same parents as the sender’. The extended meanings of ‘누나(nuna)’ are ‘a term of address which is used when a male sender calls the older female receiver who is close to the sender’ and ‘a term of address which is used when a male sender calls the older female receiver as the opposite sex’.
The prototypical meaning of ‘오빠(oppa)’ is ‘a term of address which is used when a female sender calls the older male receiver who has the same parents as the sender’. The extended meanings of ‘오빠(oppa)’ are ‘a term of address which is used when a female sender calls the older male receiver who is close to the sender’, ‘a term of address which is used when a female sender calls the older male receiver as the opposite sex’ and ‘as the antonym of ‘아저씨’, a term of address which is used when a female sender calls a male receiver who looks young’.
The prototypical meaning of ‘형(hyeong)’ is ‘a term of address which is used when a male sender calls the older male receiver who has the same parents as the sender’. The extended meanings of ‘형(hyeong)’ are ‘a term of address which is used when a male sender calls the older male receiver who is close to the sender’ and ‘a term of address which was used when a female sender called the older male receiver who was close to the sender especially between university students in the 1980s’.
There are 4 factors - the gender factor, the age factor, the intimacy factor and other factors - related to extension of the prototypical meaning of ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’, ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’. The gender factor is classified into gender of a sender and receiver, gender of a receiver and gender of a reference. The age factor is classified into an age gap and age of appearance. The intimacy factor is classified into intimacy, intimacy to the opposite sex and a strategy intending to make intimacy. The other one is the job or position factor applied only to ‘언니(eonni)’.
This study has significance to KFL by indicating the relationship between the prototypical meaning and extended meanings of Korean kinship terms of address ‘언니/누나(eonni/nuna)’, ‘오빠/형(oppa/hyeong)’ and their meaning chains reflected Korean cultural and social backgrounds.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적 4
• 1.2. 선행 연구 4
• 1.3. 연구 방법 7
• 2. 이론적 배경 9
• 2.1. 호칭의 개념과 유형 9
• 2.1.1. 호칭의 개념 9
• 2.1.2. 호칭의 유형 12
• 2.2. 인지의미론 16
• 2.2.1. 원형 이론 16
• 2.2.2. 가족 닮음 20
• 3. 의미 분석의 방법 24
• 4. 여성 호칭의 의미 분석 30
• 4.1. ‘언니’의 의미 분석 30
• 4.1.1. ‘언니’의 원형 의미 30
• 4.1.2. ‘언니’의 확장 의미 33
• 4.2. ‘누나’의 의미 분석 52
• 4.2.1. ‘누나’의 원형 의미 52
• 4.2.2. ‘누나’의 확장 의미 54
• 5. 남성 호칭의 의미 분석 64
• 5.1. ‘오빠’의 의미 분석 64
• 5.1.1. ‘오빠’의 원형 의미 64
• 5.1.2. ‘오빠’의 확장 의미 66
• 5.2. ‘형’의 의미 분석 76
• 5.2.1. ‘형’의 원형 의미 76
• 5.2.2. ‘형’의 확장 의미 80
• 6. 의미 확장의 기제 분석 86
• 7. 결론 93
• 참고문헌 96
• ABSTRACT 101