Under the proposition that civil participation, trust and cooperation among residents are important for development in community, this study empirically examines relationship between residents' social and economic background & participation in communi...
Under the proposition that civil participation, trust and cooperation among residents are important for development in community, this study empirically examines relationship between residents' social and economic background & participation in community, and social capital, and then aims to pursue a plan for building social capital. For this, it elicited analytical frame by analyzing the relevant preceding researches, and carried out empirical analysis through questionnaire survey based on this.
The analytical results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing influence of social and economic background upon participation in community, only gender was indicated to have positive(+) influence upon participation in community. Gender and dwelling period were indicated to have positive(+) influence upon participation in politics. Also, all in age, academic career, and income were indicated to have negative(-) influence upon participation in election. Gender and academic background were indicated to have positive(+) influence upon participation in group. On the other hand, gender was indicated to have positive(+) influence upon the use of community center. Thus, women were indicated to more use community center than men. Age and income were indicated to have positive(+) influence.
Second, as a result of analyzing correlation between participation in community and social-capital components, the participation in community and the participation in politics were indicated to have positive(+) influence upon sharing information. Participation in group was indicated to have negative(-) influence. The participation in community and the use of community center were indicated to have positive(+) influence upon trust and cooperation.
Third, as a result of analyzing correlation among social and economic background, participation, and social-capital components, the gender, dwelling region, and age were indicated to have positive(+) influence upon sharing information. Also, age and income were indicated to have positive influence upon confidence and cooperation.
Fourth, as a result of analyzing effect of civil participation in the influence of social and economic factors upon social capital, the participation in election is functioning as increasing effect of trust in the influence of age upon trust. In the influence of gender and age upon confidence, the participation in community center could be known to play a role of increasing trust. Also, in the influence of age upon cooperation, the participation in election and the participation in community center could be known to enhance cooperative level. Finally, in the influence of age and dwelling region upon sharing information, the community center could be known to be important element of increasing effect.
Given making the policy suggestions for forming social capital based on the analytical results, which were proposed in the above, those are as follows.
First, as a result of analyzing influence of social and economic factors upon participation in community, it was indicated to be high in men's participation and to be relatively low in women's participation. Accordingly, to build social capital through participation in community, an institutional device will need to be arranged that allows women's participation to be mobilized. When considering that the community center is not a place of making good use of spare time, but the center of civil autonomy, there will be necessity for allowing women to play an important role in solving problem within community, by which the officially regional organization like community committee introduces women's quota so that women can positively join.
Second, as a result of analyzing influence of social and economic factors upon social capital, it could be known that the higher income leads to the higher trust and cooperation. Accordingly, there is necessity for proceeding with broadening width of the middle class by improving state of polarization in society, which has influence upon social trust, as the policy direction for building social capital, and for supporting so that the low-income brackets proceed with forming positive social capital, in addition to this.
Third, in the influence of social and economic variable upon social capital, the participation in community center was indicated to play a role of increasing formation of social capital. In a sense that social capital is built and accumulated centering on community in light of its attribute, the positive utilization of community center is necessary.
Finally, the participation in election was indicated to play an important role in trust and cooperation, which are components of social capital. What the participatory rate in election is low implies that the political cynicism is surged. This will have negative influence upon building social capital. Even in the preceding researches, causality is clarified to flow from political confidence to social confidence. Thus, the removal of political distrust is being suggested to be a shortcut of recovering social trust and accumulating social capital. In this point, the work of pursuing a measure to remove political distrust will be more realistic and effective means that will break a problem about exhaustion of social capital.