Quite a many studies are recently reported since organizational culture had been researched. However, although there have been attentions and efforts of academic circles and people in charge, it is said that theoretical and empirical researches for or...
Quite a many studies are recently reported since organizational culture had been researched. However, although there have been attentions and efforts of academic circles and people in charge, it is said that theoretical and empirical researches for organizational culture are insufficient in academic circles. I think that there are several reasons for those opinions, but it seems that those are related to problems and criticism for organizational culture. In other words, it is believed that some difficulties in disputes concerning focuses on organizational cultures and selecting and measuring variables necessary for verifying hypothesis and criticism for extracting common meaning from suitable elements having influence upon organizational culture make researches on organizational culture more difficult.
For these reasons, this paper used meta analysis, which is to integrate existing research results systematically, and model of structural equation for verifying structural relations between variables to find solutions for the research. It intents to suggest empirical evidences for actual domestic organizations in a way that selects variables based on size of effectiveness through meta-analysis and uses structure equation model for the selected variables. In other words, it intends to find solutions for these problems through this research.
Results for this research are summarized as following:
First of all, in order to provide answers to question for Meta-analysis in this research, variables in organizational structure which summarize variables among organizational structure related organizational culture shows that centralization and complexity is more than .4 of effect size on organizational culture along with rules, procedures, instructions and communications. Second from the results of Meta-analysis as to how much roles of leader affect organizational culture in research for leadership dealing with effective variables for organizational culture, expediting leadership is shown to be much more higher than other leadership variables. Selected variables are expediting leadership and arbitrational leadership, and productive leadership is analyzed to be more than .4. which is selected as sub variable of leadership. Lastly, variables in organizational effectiveness are organizational productivity, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organization citizenship behavior with all of them more than .4 of sizes in effectiveness. Those are selected as sub variables.
And this research first focuses organizational culture on surface of personal recognition in connection with recognizing aspects of organizational culture and then verified model of structure equation. This research attempted to analyze structure equation model prior to verifying it through analysis of coefficients.
The results are that complexity fails to show meaningful result for type of organizational culture whereas elements for centralization affect group culture and rational culture negatively. And formulation is shown to affect all of group, rational and hierarchical culture in terms of statical meaning.
For these results, especially formulation is reviewed more positively compared to that of existing overseas researches while it affects stabilization of organization, which means that members of our government organizations are importantly recognized.
Second, for relations between leadership elements and organizational cultural factors, expeditor showed meaningful results in all types of culture, and arbitrator showed statistical meaningful results for group culture. And producer showd meaningful effects on advancement and rational culture.
Third, for group culture in relation between organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior, group culture showed most effects on courtesy while it showed meaningful participatory factor and altruism, and rational culture showed meaningful effects on conscience, sportmanship and altruism.
Hierarchical culture appears as order of courtesy and conscience. Especially characteristics of behaviors including unofficial role of organizational citizen behavior are believed to be article to be paid attentions, and issues to managed long-term basis inhibiting problems such as isolations of human-beings coming from corruption of officers and managing for enhancing job understanding and communications between organizations.
Fourth, for relations between organizational culture and job attitudes, group culture has statical meaningful effects while hierarchical culture showed negative effects on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. This is believed that group culture highlighting friendly relations between members in organizations rather than hierarchical control procedure can enhance absorption for organization or goals from recognition of organizational members. Lastly, this paper verified structure model which is ultimate goals. As the result of verification of suitability index showed that p-value of chi-square test is higher than .05, it is believed to be suitable for explaining the model from data of analyzing model, and it showed support for null hypothesis that there is no difference between proposed model and actual model.
In the meantime, suitability indexes reviewed with chi-square test are reviewed together. As the result of analyzed research model, suitability indexes showed GFI=.866, AGFI=.807, CFI=.821, RMR=.086, NFI=.781, RMSEA= .054. As the result of suitability index, the proposed model is actually more likely to be a better model for analyzed data and suitability compared to general evaluation standards of covariance structure equation via suitability indexes excluding NFI suitability index. With these factors, relations of structural concepts are also reviewed. The relation between organizational culture and leadership showed statistical meaningful results. However, relations between organizational structure and organizational culture didn't show meaningful relations. In the meantime, non-cause & effect of leadership was shown between organizational culture and job attitudes. In other words, 21.1% of covariate between 2 variables is proven to be from spurious relationship with non cause & effects. This result is believed that organizational culture in connection with leadership and job attitudes affects job attitudes
In fact, as some researches for organizational culture independently set variables and discussion is progressing, set values appeared in each research are said to be important. Therefore, researchers start researches after they pre-set what they observed and discovered and then sometimes indicate that results are important effects elements. However, looking back, it's necessary to consider how these variables have relations with organizational culture and how large the effect size is. Especially, it is believed that there is limitation from method that a researcher selects relational factors at his or her discretion and explains behavior and attitude of members in organization. From these backgrounds, this research selected variables which have higher relations with organizational culture by integrating each factor and surveyed our governmental organizations. Through these activities, this research has its goal for extracting domestic organizational culture and attempting to widen base of understanding.