Harbor area is formed based on a large-scale land due to its functional characteristics and usually, it is constructed along with hinterlands over a certain size such as business district related to harbor industry and residental places. Therefore, pl...
Harbor area is formed based on a large-scale land due to its functional characteristics and usually, it is constructed along with hinterlands over a certain size such as business district related to harbor industry and residental places. Therefore, plans to redevelop decaying harbor area should be established considering space, where harbor facility is located in and hinterlands near harbor area at once.
This study aims to suggest implications applicable when setting up plans for harbor redevelopment in Korea in future by examining characteristics of renewal master plan in Inner Harbor district of Baltimore, USA that has been redeveloped and continually maintained from the redevelopment project in the past to this day.
Prior to consideration of renewal project in Inner Harbour district implemented as part of renewal project in downtown, Baltimore, a role of 'renewal of Inner Harbour district' in urban renewal of Baltimore, and role and significance of renewal master plan established to realize urban renewal plans were examined. Each of renewal plans was analyzed by classifying them into 'urban spatial level', 'universal level' and 'construction environment' based on 'master plan made in the early of renewal in 1960's' and 'master plan revised in 2003'. Then, major plans of the early considered to revitalize Inner Harbour district, improvements of renewal district and plans required for continual management were derived from the results of analysis.
Properties of renewal master plan in Inner Harbour district and implications for domestic harbor area renewal are as following;
First, renewal master plan in Inner Harbour district was established to propose specific models of Inner Harbour district renewal that is a sector of renewal plans in downtown, Baltimore and it is to suggest vision and object for harbor renewal connected to downtown and to control designs of physical aspect including construction environment of plan district. renewal master plan is drawn up as a urban renewal plan through the approval of the council and it takes into effect by being operated with design review system and process for urban development.
Second, Inner Harbour has continually been developed and managed with a consistent purpose since the renewal project started under development concept, 'construction of waterfront place for citizens' and this is exposed through efforts for improvements of renewal district on the rise over time after development of the early renewal project. That is, the plans were expanded and established from an urban view by complementing and strengthening plans made for some targeted districts in the past. Such renewal master plan upgraded dealt with requirements of citizens changed and improvements of physical environment and plans such as 'street space construction for pedestrian environment', 'expansion of an optic axis' and 'inducement of street activation through regulation of use in the ground floors' were strengthened based on publicity at the regional level.
Third, urban renewal plan is an institutional scheme used for urban development and urban renewal to get over limits of Zoning system of Baltimore and to achieve the public purposes. The city is implementing urban development and improvement project of urban environment on the basis of urban renewal plans and is achieving a series of purposes to secure publicity in addition to economic development benefits. This trend is gradually being expanded to not only Inner Harbour district, but also the waterfront areas close to Inner Harbour and neighboring regions of the waterfront districts. From this point of view, renewal master plan of Inner Harbour district located in the centre of downtown, Baltimore has a significance as a plan to work out urban foundations such as blocks, construction form and street environment.
This study on characteristics of renewal master plan in Inner Harbour district, Baltimore, America is very meaningful, because it proposes plan components to be considered when redeveloping domestic harbor area by examining plan targets that harbor areas have to cope with such as renewal plan components using economic, social and cultural potential of decaying harbor area, renewal plans to guarantee publicity considering urban people living around renewal districts and plans concerning street environment improvement in the waterfront areas near the existing section of a city, problems, what may occur in such area and solution of the problems.
In order to introduce plans for renewal decaying harbor areas, review on validity of plans through more various examples of harbor redevelopment and institutional review to carry out plans are required and researches on introduction's possibility through comparison with domestic circumstance should be complemented.